<^ 





THE ACCEPTANCE, 



QUEEN VICTORIA, 



OF THIS VOLUME, 



ILLUS TR ATIN a A PICTURESQUE 



ENGLISH COUNTY, 



IS HUMBLY SOLICITED 



Id |er llnjcstfi's |aitljful .Subject, 



THE AUTHOR. 




^^^.s- 








Jr. . 




I 



WYE BKIDGK, HKIiEFOUD. 



'Nor distant far, the stout Old Bridge appears, 
Withstanding flood and storm three hundred years. 
Its arches, rough, yet sturdy all now seem ; 
And jealous of the piers high up the stream, 
Would to the rival fabric slily say — 
' We shall be s^tidng, when you arc in decay.'" 

Herefojidia.— Canto 11. 



H E R E F R D I A 



JAMES HENRY JAMES, 

A/u/dle Temple. 




LONDON: 
EDWARD LACEY, 434, WEST STRAND. 



MI )('(•(' I. xr. 



4^ 






LONDON: 

WERTHF.IMEU AN!) CO, rmNTIttS, 

CIKCUS I'LACIC, FlNi-nURV. 



PREFACE. 



Herefordshire, by its historical associations, its beautiful sceiiery, 
so delightfully intercepted by the picturesque and winding river, the 
Wye, at all times claims the admiration of travellers. 

The highly cultivated soil, rich with orchards, hop-yards, and 
catde, adds greatly to its importance as an agricultural district. 
These natural advantages, united with the truly hospitable character 
of its inhabitants, render it a most agreeable place of sojourn to 
strangers, who cannot fail to be interested in rural scenery, and in 
the pleasant and peaceful occupation of the resident population. 

Whilst the County thus enjoys an unrivaUed position amongst the 
other districts of the ancient Siluria, and indeed amongst the most 
favoured parts of all England, the many eminent persons (either 
natives, or closely alHed with it), who are and have been identified 
with hterature, science, art, and with her ecclesiastical institutions, 
make it not unworthy of commemoration in a special form. 

The Author has attempted this pleasing yet not easy task ; but 
the spirit which has prompted him will, he trusts, cause the many 
defects, too palpable in the working up of its varied subjects, to 
be considerately overlooked. 



vi PREFACE. 

The difficulties inherent to poetic composition, when applied to 
objects which embrace not only scenes in Nature, but also historical 
facts, local allusions, names and dates, will be readily appreciated 
by the reader. These, it is hoped, may be taken as an apology 
for the apparent want of connection between, and the somewhat 
awkward blending of, the matters consecutively discussed in the 
Cantos which compose the Poem, of which the Author now ven- 
tures the publication. But he cannot do so without tendering 
his best acknowledgements to his valued friend, the Rev. Albert 
Jones, M.A., Minor Canon of the Cathedral, for his kind assistance 
in procuring for him several of the drawings for the Historical 
Illustrations, as well as the Notes relating to them. 

Whilst adhering to the History of Hereford, as the leading thread 
of the Poem, the aim has been throughout, to render it accept- 
able to general as well as local readers, by the introduction of 
subjects associated with rural life, and also by relieving the heroic 
metre (in Avhich the principal portion of the text is written), by the 
occasional adoption of lyrical measures. 

The Author must not omit to express to Mr. Freudemacher, Artist, 
and Messrs. Wertheimer, Printers, his approval of the very able man- 
ner in which they have seconded his efforts in the Illustrations 
and Typography of the Volume, to make it not unworthy of his 
native county. 



MtDDi.K Ti-.Mn.K, Jan. \-^///, 1H61. 



CONTENTS. 



Dedication 

Introductory Stanzas 

Canto I. 

Canto II. . 

Canto III. 

Canto IV. 

Canto V. . 

Canto VI. 

Notes to the Poem 

Notes to the Illusti'ation.'- 



PACK, 

I 
3 

7 

24 
44 
65 
^^ 
lor 
121 
1^2 



LANDSCAPE ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Wye Bridge, Hereford 

The Castle Green 

Cathedral and Lady ChajDel 

The Preaching Cross, Blackfriars 

The White Cross 

The River Wye, from the Prospect at Ross 

Goodrich Court, and Goodi-ich Castle 

Town Hall, Hereford 

Tintern Abbey ..... 

Ludlow Castle . - , . . 



ARMORIAL BEARINGS, RELICS, c\:c. 



St. Ethelbert's Shrine, or Pyx . 

Arms of the City of Hereford . 

Arms of the Bishopric, prior to the time o 

Arms of the Bishopric, since Cantilupe 

Arms of the Deanery 

Seal of the College of Vicars Choral 

The Crosier of Bishop Trelleck, and Bull c 

The Brass Statuette at the College 

Arms of the Author .... 



f Cantilupt 



f Pope Clemen 



\ I. 



Frontispiece, 

14 

56 

46 

7^ 

88 
ro8 
12 I 
i.^o 
i5« 



itle Page. 
7 

4.^ 
65 

85 
lOI 

I ^ : 




Familiar with the scenes my youth had known, 

Thou mad'st my thoughts and feelings all thine o\\n 

Thee, whom to kno^^- was but to see and love ; 

Thee, whom to love was but a joy to prove. 

That joy none holds, save He, w^ho now doth bless 

His humble creature Avith such happiness ; 

The happiness which warms a husband's heart. 

The sympathy which prompts a parent's part : 

And next to thee and thine, my former home 

(The which to picture in this modest tome 

My pen hath tried) commands a child's sweet care, 

LeaA-ing many a sweet remembrance there ! 

This then accept, a token of my love, 

A poor thank-offering to the Power above. 

Who so far on our earthly pilgrimage, 

For us, hath deign'd His mercies to engage I 



^'Y-,. 




SiLURiA, our fathers' cherish'd home, 
Where fought invincible, through wounds and death, 
Britannia's hardy sons, defying Rome, 
Her galhng chains, and slavery's hated breath ! 
Land of the brave, where drawn from ancient sheath, 
The sword of freedom met a hostile world, 
Her bands all led Caradoc's arm beneath, 
Nor vainly strove, where'er his flag unfurl'd. 
And shedding life for life, he back th' invader hurl'd. 



HEREFORDIA. 



II. 



Herefordia, favour'd part of that blest land, 
We and our children hold through years of peace; 
Abode of industry, where Nature's lavish hand 
Doth give to labour hundred-fold increase : 
The region, too, where now in joy and ease, 
Religion bids us use the treasures given. 
As trusts for those, whose wants we should appease. 
The poor and meek; who oft by trouble driven. 
May lack the things of earth, but not the wealth of heaven ! 



HI. 



Rashly, in vain, with feeble hand and lyre. 
Untuned to strains befitting such sweet theme, 
To sing thy beauties doth my muse aspire, 
A task most grateful, though it unwise seem, 
Fruitless as ends the sage's frequent dream. 
Yet as a parent eyes a much loved child. 
Hiding a fault in virtue's brighter beam, 
Hiou must regard the poet's venture wild, 
Praising the thought, e'en if his work doth i)rove unskill'd ! 



SUBJECT. 



Contemplation. — Morning on the Plinlimmon Mountains. — 
Source of the River Wye, its Descent to Rhayader, its Course 
by Penybont, Glasbury, Hay, Clifford and Whitney, into the 
County of Hereford. — And by way of Clifford, Hereford, 
Goodrich, Tintern, and Chepstow, to join the River Severn.— 
The peaceful Condition of the Country and its pleasant Villages 
and Churches. — Allusions to Owen Glendwr and Henry V. — 
The City of Hereford, the Old Castle, and its defence against 
the Parliamentary Troops in the Time of Charles I. — The Castle- 
Green, River, Bridge, Dinedor Hill. — A Summer Storm as 
seen from Dinedor. — The Mutability of Worldly Grandeur. — 
Allusion to the prevailing Spirit to restore and sustain our 
Ancient Temples devoted to Divine Worship. — Tjie joyous 
Character of Rural Life. — The Sportsman's Song. 




Hail, Herefordia ! clothed with hill and plain. 
Where grateful peace, and smiling plenty reign 
A paradise, where clustering orchards bloom, 
And pear and apple blush Avith soft perfume, 
(larden of flowers ! where hop on slender bine 
And damask rose with honeysuckle twine. 
Land of beauty ! where garner'd riches crown 
I'he labour of man's hand with fruit its own. 



HEREFORDIA. 



II. 



Hail, Herefordia ! Freedom's charm'd retreat, 
Where mind and mind in kind communion meet, 
All free to think and act, aloud express 
That which but makes a Briton's happiness, 
Personal independence ; this, to move 
Here none would rashly try, below, above : 
Not the least fair of England's fair domain, ■ 
Where Ceres triumphs with her golden train ! 



III. 

Hail, Herefordia ! damsel coy and bright. 
With cheek of roses, eye of piercing light. 
Thee, modest, joyous, e'en the wanderer loves 
To greet in cottage, hall, or sylvan groves, 
(ren'rous of heart, sedate in torm and face, 
There shine alike thy kindliness and grace. 
Apt with sweet words, whose truth and eloquence 
Bespeak thy candour, purity, and sense. 



HEREFORDIA. 

IV. 

Hail, Herefordia, hail ! The welcome warm 

Thou bid'st thy children, and the matchless charm, 

Which Nature to thy landscape doth impart, 

Delight the eye, felicitate the heart. 

The aids thou giv'st to impotence and age, 

The charities thy liberal hand engage, 

Mark the best feelings of humanity, 

The founts of holy love that never die. 



V. 

Lo ! Morning dawns ; bright o'er the arc are traced 
Faint streaks of crimson from the opening East. 
Then, hie Thee, rambler, where, all robed in snow, 
Plinlimmon's rugged heights resplendent glow ; 
There, view for once, athwart the mountain plain. 
The rising sun illume the pathless main. 
Piercing with glittering beams the cold grey sky, 
Ere first his face doth greet thy straining eye. 
Chill'd though thy blood be in its purple vein, 
Perception touch, but slow, the sentient brain, 



HEREFORDIA. 

Sublime and fair shall grow the wondrous scene, 

Warm wax thy heart, pleased be thy smiling mien. 

As Night retires before the God of Day, 

The waning mist assmnes its upward way. 

The light, on Morning's spangled front unfurl'd. 

Gives life and language to the waking world : 

The tongues, all mute through Darkness' dreary hour, 

Now celebrate Jehovah's love and power ! 



vi. 

In deep defile, beneath the granite cone, 
Where sits the eagle in its eyry throne, 
There may you trace a small yet limpid spring, 
By pebbles chafed, o'er pebbles murmuring ; 
The fount whence Vaga, like a serpent's trail. 
Draws her quiet course through Siluria's Vale : 
A brooklet, here, its shallow bed descends ; 
A river, there, with broader current bends. 
Here shelving rocks, with lichens overgrown. 
Form shady haunts where salmon sport alone ; 
There, sloping margins, warm'd by sunny beam, 
Entice the trout to gambol in the stream. 



HEREFORDIA. n 

VII. 

Threading their stony way, all rough and steep, 
The widening streams in ample volume sweep, 
And thundering down the rugged precipice, 
Where caldron-like the seething eddies hiss, 
The currents mingle in the plain below, 
Beneath the bridge at Rhayader now flow. 
Then passing close by Penybont and Builth, 
Through scenes of rustic toil and buoyant health ; 
Skimming the fertile vale of Glasbury, 
The river glides Hay-Church, and Castle nigh, 
Touching the fruitful soil of Hereford, 
Where Whitney-meadows streich their velvet sward. 



VIII. 

Silent, and clear, fair Vaga flows along 
Through groves enliven'd by the skylark's song ; 
In frequent groups, kine fill the open glade, 
Sipping the liquid glass in cooling shade. 
Here fleecy flocks, like stars in th' azure sky, 
The meadows stud, delightful to the eye, 



HEREFORDIA. 

Where tiny daisies rear their crownlets sweet, 
So tempting e'er to children's rambhng feet ! 



IX. 

Through shocks of ages past, of war and storm, 

Unchanged and fresh, yet smiles loved Nature's form 

The hill, the dale, the boundless sea and sky, 

The rivulet and rock, still catch the eye. 

Nor should we feel the wasting hand of Time, 

Did not pale Ruin, in her face sublime, 

The once staunch oak, the tower, and fane assail, 

Leaving but crumbling stones to tell the tale, 

How work of human skill must share the doom, 

Which yields its maker to the lowly tomb. 

So droops De Clifford's strong-hold bleak and bare, 

(The childhood's home of Rosamond the Fair.) 

With Goodrich walls, old Chepstow's frowning keep. 

And Tintern's shrine ; 'neath which, in noiseless sweep, 

See, Vaga hastes to kiss Sabrina's wave, 

Fringing with flowers the bank her waters lave. 



HEREFORDIA. 13 



X. 

All fickle as the wind, that turns aside 

At morn, at night, at noon, and evening tide, 

Are human thoughts. So, e'en the weaker part, 

Which holds the female's soft, and loving heart, 

In waywardness and change doth come behind 

The rougher sex, the master of mankind, — 

Who e'er would woman's gentler mind control 

With bonds, which bears not his maturer soul. 

Now cold and sullen, hot and jealous, he 

Doth exercise relentless tyi-anny : — 

Yet, doubly cruel still, is womankind. 

Who, in a sister's ways doth error find, 

(Denying sympathy for faults her own). 

If accident doth make the lost one known. 

So Rosa fell, and paid the penalty 

Devised by Ellen's cruel jealousy ; 

Yet who but mourns the hapless maiden's fate. 

Who doth not loathe her rival's murderous hate I 



14 



HEREFORDIA. 



XL 

Peace triumphs here, where War once had its sway, 

Briton and Saxon mix'd in bloody fray : 

Corn-fields and Gardens rich with apple-bloom, 

And Hop-yards redolent with soft perfume, 

And smiling Hamlets with their copse-wood hide, 

The Village Church, its land-mark, and its pride : — 

The Sacred Court, where praise, and prayer, and love, 

On Sabbath-morn, address the Power above ; 

The Font which seals the younghngs of Christ's flock, 

Our Saviour, King, our Hope's ne'er-failing rock ; 

The Altar-stone where kindred hearts agree 

To bear Life's toils, share its felicity ; 

Our latest couch beneath the verdant sod. 

Till call'd to taste the Paradise of God ! 



XII. 

The restless spirits, once all fire and life, 
Are dead and cold, have ceased their angry strife. 
The princely Glendwr sleeps at Monnington, 
In humble grave, the river's bank upon ; 




CASTLE-GREEN AND CATHEDRAL. 



'To trace the giowth of yon stupendous pile, 
Its massive tower and well proportion'd aisle, 

A thousand years ere Queen Victoria's reio^n 

The Muse recalls." 



Herefordia. — Canto II. 



HEREFORDIA. 15 

Henry of Agincourt is gone to earth, 

Yet Monmouth stands, which gave the hero birth. 

Old Hereford, fair city of the Wye, 

Famed for its cyder and its loyalty, 

Still holds her place amid the pleasant scene, 

Where groves and varied landscapes intervene. 

Reft is her castle, all her ramparts lost, 

Which bade defiance to the Scottish host. 

Preferring bloodshed, in Charles Stuart's cause, 

Brave Scudamore upheld the crown and laws, 

So, earn'd he then a victor's wreath and fame, 

Link'd ever with the City's spotless name. 

The fortress gone, yet on its former site 

The Green remains, to all affords delight ; 

Its slopes, its trees, its beauty ever fill 

(With river, bridge, and Dinedor's wood-clad hill). 

The gazer's eye with pleasure seldom known, 

Save, Art and Nature make the work their own ! 

XIII. 

Now looking down from Dinedor's camp and hill. 
Where late, the view was all serene and still. 



i6 



HEREFORDIA. 



Dun clouds appear upon the changing sky, 
Surcharged with Jove's august artillery. 
Hot grows the air, a tremor strikes the earth. 
The darkness looms, such at volcano's birth 
Appals the mind, ere pent-up fires escape, 
And make the mountain-cone with fissures gape. 
Now loud, and louder, distant thunders speak, 
From murky clouds the rain-drops melting break ; 
Then flash on flash, and peal on peal succeed, 
Sweeping th' horizon's line with giant-speed. 
See, here and there, the forked lightning flies. 
Through the blue vault, the rolling bolt replies. 
Now lost and hid, each tower, each spire, recedes, 
And, shorn with wind, trees quake like trembling reeds. 
Reckless and quick, as spoil'd and wayward child, 
The tempest triumphs in its fury wild. 
Till the broad sun, all conquering, full and bright, 
Regilds both field and stream with living light. 



XIV. 



All worldly grandeur, wealth, and pomp, and power. 
Are creatures of a day, a fleeting hour. 



HEREFORDIA. 17 

That which belongs to finity and time, 
Tainted by death, decay, perchance by crime. 
Soon fades, and, wanting reproducing force, 
Dechnes through Nature's perishable course ! 
That which endures through immortaUty, 
Must breathe of love, a holy sympathy. 
Preserving all from sin's impending fate, 
Leading to life, in life's most perfect state I 
So, pious hands from time to time restore 
The sacred temples built in days of yore ; 
The tapering spire, the huge expanded dome. 
Where duty bids us seek our heavenly home. 
Old and young, rich and poor, with pressing feet, 
His grace to share, in God's high presence meet ; 
As wave on wave, along the river flows, 
Each race of worshippers but comes and goes ; 
Now clear, now dim, then lost to human eye, 
Swept in the ocean of eternity ! 

XV. 

A country-life is stirring, free, and gay, 
Unlike the townsman toiling, day to day. 



i8 



HEREFORDTA. 



None need be sad, if they but love the field, 
A sportsman's life doth recreation yield. 
Enjoyment, there, will Melancholy cure, 
The best of pill to keep the doctor poor ; 
Save now and then, a crack, a fall, or sprain, 
Will cost some cash, and not a httle pain ! 
To learn to tumble is no sad mischance, 
It mars the risk, and doth the fun enhance. 
And he whose foot in stirrup oft doth get, 
Ne'er fears a broken bone, a somerset ! 



Hurrah ! Hurrah ! The thrilling horn 
Doth wake the portals of the morn. 

And drives dull sleep away. 
See ! see ! once more, the golden sun 
To streak the east hath just begun, 

And hails the commg day. 



HEREFORDIA. 19 

2. 

" Up and astir 1 " the sportsman cries, 
And quick the downy couch he flies, — 

To take th' exciting field. 
Both horse and hound are on the move, 
Whilst Reynard lurks in yonder grove. 

By tangled brake conceal'd. 

3- 
Hark ! hark ! Again, at headlong pace, 

The sky doth echo back the chase, 

Each footstep, sliout, and breath ! 
O'er hedge and ditch, at dawn of day, 
See, gallant Reynard leads the way, 

Heedless of all, save death. 

4- 

Hurrah ! hurrah ! With clattering heels, 
And heavy tramp, the landscape reels. 

As 'twere a whirlwind's birth ! 
To die this morn he hath no mind 
So Reynard leaves his foes behind, 

And safely runs to earth 1 




L 



V:';&. 




SUBJECT. 

A Retrospect. — The Introduction of Christianity into England. — 
Reflections uiDon that Dispensation. — Sketch of the History of 
the Cathedral Church of Hereford. — From the time of the 
Heptarchy (including the Murder of King Ethelbert), to the 
end of the Eighteenth Century. — Fabric raised by Wilfred and 
Athelstane. — And Additions by Bishops Lozing and Raynelm. — 
Its Restoration under Deans Merewether and Dawes. — Story of 
Ethelbert and Elfrida.' — St. Cantilupe's Shrine, and Works of 
Bishops Audley, Booth, and Stanbury. — The New Altar 
Screen. — Allusion to the late Dean Merewether, and the late 
Mr. Joseph Bailey. — The Cathedral and its central position 
amongst the Parochial Churches of the City. — The Ancient 
Monastery and Hospitals. — The Attractions afforded by the 
Fields surrounding the City. — The Child's Song. 




How oft, and pensively, in life's young day. 
When summer sparkled in its silvery way, 
Fair Nature wooed me, with her flowery sheen, 
To rove o'er fields and thread the sylvan scene, 
The mind thrown backward for a thousand years, 
(Long interval of changes, joys, and tears) ; 
When with infant step, half averted smile. 
Civilisation scarce had touch'd this isle ; 
Fearful to stay, till from the brighter east, 
Religion first her starry mission traced. 
Dark was the land, and drear old England's shore, 
When Saint Augustine and his compeers bore 



24 



HEREFORDIA. 



The Cross of Christ, and His enUghtening Word, 
(By Saxons, simpler-minded people heard) ; 
The ray of hope, the pledge of heavenly love, 
Which made man heir of endless bliss above 1 



Love e'er be with thee, sainted Virgin mild, 
Grace be with thee, mother of Holy Child ; 
Honour and praise to Jesus, God's own Son, 
Our Saviour, King, and Lord, most Mighty One. 
Glory to Jehovah, the Great, All-wise, 
Maker of heaven, and earth, and sea, and skies. 
Father of all. Giver of life and light. 
Ruler Supreme, All-powerful, Lifinite ; 
God of the Universe, Whose mercy hath 
Saved us from death, eternal woe and wrath, 
By one complete and lamb-like sacrifice, 
Ransom, His goodness could alone devise ! 
What marvel then that o'er the landscape rise, 
The stately piles whose summits climb the skies : 
Altars for praise and prayer, temples of love. 
Where man (his soul and mind withdrawn above), 



HEREFORDIA. 25 

To God e'er present on His kingly throne, 

His wants, his cares, his inmost thoughts, makes known. 

Oh praise ! Oh prayer I rare privileges given, 

That not a sigh escapes His ear in heaven ! 

Based on a Rock, Messiah's church withstands 

The wreck of age, and Satan's fiendish hands ; 

Nor guile nor tumult can His truth efface, 

Nor infidelity His star displace. 

He hath declared, and who can dare gainsay, 

"That His dread word shall never pass away!" 

Jesus, the once-rejected Corner-stone, 

With hope, and joy, His saints will ever crown ; 

To those who seek will point the ready way 

That leads to life and never-ending day. 

There, faith engrafted on the Holy Three, 

Assures the yearning soul's felicity ! 

III. 
To trace the growth of yon stupendous pile, 
Its massive tower and well proportioned aisle, 
A thousand years ere Queen Victoria's reign, 
The Muse recalls, when, high o'er South-Town's plain, 



26 HEREFORDIA. 

Stern Offa's palace reared its stately head, 

A scene of treason base, — a tragic deed ! 

Swept are its walls, its ancient gate, and fane, 

Yet lurks there still foul murder's loathsome stain ; 

For history tells how Mercia's monarch took 

Counsel with Quendreda, and vilely broke 

Hospitality's ties. He, by her, led. 

The blood of Royal Ethelbert then shed. 

Who thither lured, claim'd for his queenly bride. 

Their child Elfrida ; but so brideless died. 

Leaving the hapless maiden sad, forlorn, 

In Croyland's shade the Anglian Prince to mourn ! 

But crime Hke this could ne'er unpunish'd be ; 

His harrow'd soul, bent down with misery. 

From Harden Church the slaughter'd king he brought, 

And 'neath a tomb magnificently wrought. 

Enshrined his bones within Saint Mary's aisle ; 

With divers lands endow'd the sacred pile, 

(lave to the church the sainted sovereign's name. 

Wherein to worship pious pilgrims came. 

The gifts, so made, the old Cathedral shares, 

Erected now, some full eight hundred years. 



HEREFORD I A. 27 

IV, 

Within that space, lo ! Time hath done its worst, 
Devouring fire, rapine, and war accurst ; 
'X^ilfred's work, that by Athelstane begun. 
By Griffith, Prince of Wales, were soon undone. 
Till Lozing, and Raynelm, with master-hand, 
The fabric in its present outline plann'd ; 
Save, that about a century ago, 
The Western Tower was suddenly laid low. 
The modern front by Wyatt then replaced, 
Exhibits little skill, and doubtful taste. 
Assorting badly with the first design, 
Noble, elegant, of dimensions fine ! 

V. 

So long as stands about thy sacred walls 

A stone on stone, the busy mind recalls, 

With thoughts still sad, the Saxon monarch's fate, 

Seeking within thy courts now consecrate, 

The crumbling effigy defaced and \\'orn, 

O'er which his Anglian lieges loved to mourn ; 

The relic fails, yel in the poet's verse 

His blood-stain'd dea'.h imi)ressive words rehearse. 



28 HEREFORDIA. 

I. 

" Night wanes apace, the crowd are gone, 
The lamps have ceased to glow ; 
And Cynthia's beams reflect upon 
The placid lake below, 

3. 

'' The song of mirth is heard no more, 
No guests the goblet fill ; 
The banquet's revelry is o'er, 
All, all is hush'd and still t 

3- 

*' No more amid the stately pile, 
The dance affords delight ; 
Nor tale, nor jocund sports beguile 
The silent hours of night. 

4- 

" All seek the downy couch of sleep, 
The host and worthy guest ; 
The drowsy guard on duty keep, 
And envy them their rest ! 



HEREFORDIA. 29 

5. 

"No minstrels strike th' enlivening string, 
None sound the thrilling horn ! 
The nightingale hath ceased to sing, 
And slowly breaks the morn. 

6. 

" The portals of the dappled east 
Assume their bright array ; 
The sun, in new-born splendour drest, 
Drives lowering clouds away. 

7- 
" Thick vapours from the earth arise, 
And pass away unseen, 
Till night again shall veil the skies, 
Now lucid and serene. 

8. 

"Above proud Offa's gate the gold- 
Embroider'd banners hung, 
And 'scutcheon'd shields emblazon'd told, 
From whence his race had sprung. 



3J HEREFORDIA. 

9- 

" The glittering lance and crested plume 
Adorn the sculptured wall, 
And deepening shadows cast a gloom 
Around his spacious hall. 

lO. 

" On South-Town's ' heaven-directed ' fane^ 
Sol sheds his glaring ray ; 
And peace and joy through Mercia's plain, 
Their gladsome sceptre sway. 

I J. 

*' How different far the scene will be 
When night appears again, — 
O'er all now reigns festivity, 
But lamentation then i 

12. 

" A richly silver-braided vest 
The virgin train prepare ; 
A scarf to wrap the snow-white breast, 
And gems to deck the hair. 



HEREFORDIA. 31 

'3- 

'^ Elfrida, at her lat.ice high, 
Sits with the bridal throng, 
She looks and looks, then heaves a sigh ; 
' Why tarries he so long ? ' 

14- 

'' He comes, 'tis he ; and by his side, 
Attends a noble band ; 
He comes to claim his royal bride, 
His loved Elfrida' s hand. 

45- 

" The wish'd for hour is gone and past, 

Slow chimes the marriage bell ; 

May heaven forbid it prove his last, 

The bridegroom's funeral knell. 

16. 

" The priest before the altar stands, 
The maid bends on her knee. 
And lifts to God her heart and hand, 
In pious fervency. 



32 



HEREFORDIA. 



17. 

" But where is he who should have knelt, 
Before his Maker low ; 
And where are they, who might have felt, 
What none but parents know 1 

18. 

" In vain she waits and looks around, 
Still vainer are her cries. 
With shrieks the sacred aisles resound : 
Save echo, — nought replies. 

19- 

" Full grief her throbbing heart enthrals, 
Her lips grow ghastly pale ; 
She weeps, she faints, and senseless falls, 
Before the altar rail. 



20. 
But where is he by whom the vows 

Of love were pledged so late 1 
Demand of Offa's artful spouse, 

Whose fiat seal'd his fate. 



HEREFORDIA. 33 



21. 

The blush of guilt, upon her cheek, 
Sends forth its purple hues ; 

And agitation seems to speak, 
What conscience dares refuse. 



" Quendreda, mother, queen, and wife, 
In heart a loathsome thing, 
With subtlety assail'd the life 
Of Anglia's youthful king : — ■ 

23. 

" Ethelbert, suitor for her child, 
(Fond hope of Mercia's lord I) 
To whom, in accents sweet and mild. 
She gave her plighted word. 

24. 
"To Him, who gives life's fleeting breath, 
His soul hath ta'en his flight ; 
He sleeps the last long sleep of death, 
Upon his bridal night. 



34 HEREFORDIA. 

25. 
" His guards were gone, no friends were near 
To bless him ere he died ; 
None, none to dry the faUing tear, 
Or ])id his pains subside. 

26. 
" Oil ! where is she whom fate hath niade. 
Dejected and forlorn? 
She goes to Croyland's hallow'd shade, 
To live, alas ! to mourn ! 

27. 
" Weep Anglia, weep, thy monarch 's dead ; 
To heaven his spirit 's flown ; 
And he, whose hands his blood have shed. 
Will mount thy vacant throne. 

28. 
" He reigns ; but, mark, how self-reproach 
Pervades his inmost breast ; 
And pangs of sad remorse encroach 
Upon his fever'd rest 1 



HERKFORUIA. 35 



29. 

"He lives, but life hath li.tle left, 
Of aught his love to claim ; — 
Of all but grief 'tis now bereft ; 
To him, 'tis but a name I " 



VI. 

While aught is left of Cantilupe's fair shrine, 

(The Bohuns in their altar-tomb recline), 

Of Audley, Booth, and Stanbury, who wore 

The mitred cap — in the cathedral bore 

Their share of decoration ; so, thy name, 

Dean Merewether, shall survive to fame, 

Whose knowledge, tas^e, munificence display' d, 

Restored the Lady Chapel, and here made 

The Lantern Tower the glory of the scene ; 

Where stands, too, Bailey's richly sculptured screen. 

But both, alas ! removed, are dead and gone, 

Ere they the finish'd work had look'd upon ; 

Not ta'en too soon to suit th' eternal mind, 

Too early lost to those they left behind. 



36 HEREFORDIA. 

VII. 

Nor wanting there be other sights around, 
Fresh charms imparting to the sacred ground ; 
The ancient College with its spacious square, 
The Bishop's Cloister and the palace near ; 
Nor distant far, the stout old bridge appears, 
Withstanding flood and storm three hundred years. 
Its arches, rough, yet sturdy all now seem ; 
And jealous of the piers, high up the stream. 
Would to the rival fabric slily say, 
" We will be strong, when you are in decay." 



VIII. 

Like aged parent, with his children nigh, . 
The Minster keeps its place revered and high ; 
The neighbouring fanes surround it close at hand, 
All-Saints', Saint Peter's, with Saint Martin's stand 
With spires uplifted, proudly looking o'er 
Saint Nicholas' Church, and its low stunted tower. 
On site remoter, raised in days bygone, 
Where creeping ivy hides the sofLen'd stone, 




HKREKORI) CATIIEDUAL AND LADY CHAPEL. 



' Like agfed parent, with bis cliildroii nigh, 
Ttie Miuster keeps its place revered and high ; 
The neighbouring fanes surround it close at hand. 
All Saints', Saint Peter's, with Saint Martin's stand, 
With spires uplifted, proudly looking o'er 
Saint Nicholas' church, and its low stunted tower." 

Canto II. 



HEREFORDIA. 37 

The graceful Monastery of Old Blackfriars, 
AVith preaching-cross, though modestly aspires ; 
And next to these, once courts of praise and prayer, 
Their kindred piles, the Hospitals appear, 
Making the city rich in Halls that feed, 
And shelter give to those who are in need : 
Thus Nature, Art, Benevolence, here, move 
In land of Beauty, Peace, and Christian love. 

IX. 

In pleasant meads that skirt the city round, 
Diversified with vale and rising ground. 
Induced by sport and June's delightful air, 
Gay troops of children meet and froHc there ! 
And in their fetes all happily engage 
Their loved companions of a riper age. 
Who now review with sense of joy and pain. 
The days they did athwart the hill and plain 
AA'ith agile limbs th' exciting chase pursue, 
AVith faultless aim the ponderous missile throw. 
Joyous, their name and race should thus survive, 
And sad, themselves l)ut moments few can live. 



38 HEREFORDIA. 

Like rose-bud burst in April-shower, 

Anxious to taste the vernal morn, 
The gentle Alice, Nature's flower, 

A spring- plant fresh was latest born ! 

Fragile and prattling, blithe and fair. 

She '11 dance and smg the long day through ; 

When evening comes, her eyes prepare 
With ceaseless fire to shine anew. 

3- 

Sweet is the breath of childhood's rest, 
Brings damask hue to thy soft cheek ; 

Then sleep, that with the greater zest, 
Thou may'st thy life's enjoyment seek. 

4- 
Young flowers soon fade, though now they 're bright, 

And oft they lie all blench' d and low ! 
The nip])ing frost and shade of night 

Do sap their strength, and spoil their glow ! 



HKREFORDIA. 



.i9 



But to enjoy, is to be good ; 

True pleasures tiow where virtues thrive, 
So take in youth and age the food, 

Whereon thou niav'st hereafter hvc. 





I 



SUBJECT. 

Spring. — Opening of Vegetation and Active Life. — The Hop-yards 
and Orchards. — Tlie Natural Scenery of the County. — The 
Golden Valley : — Dore Abbey, Moccas, Garnons, Holm Lacy. — 
Goodrich and Ross. — Malvern Hills. — Wilton Bridge and 
Castle. — Goodrich Court, and Goodrich Castle. — Penyard 
Wood, and Walford. — Song to the Ivy Green. — Address to 
Tintern. — Comparison between Richmond Hill and Wyndclifif. 
— Allusion to Piercefield and Chepstow Castle. — The Beauty of 
Evening. — Song of the Night. — Possibility of War. — The 
Volunteer Movement. — Song of the Oak Tree. 




Hail, Herefordia ! region bright and gay, 

Where, crown'd with blossoms, smiles the Queen of May 

Doffing the garb of Wmter, stern and cold. 

Her cheerful reign doth Spring prepare to hold. 

Bursting her bonds, and roused from icy death. 

Nature awakes, and with her genial breath 

Strews warmth and verdure, where the howling blast 

Late made the country round a desert waste. 



Up and astir ; with varied objects rife, 
Man hastes again to labour and to life 



44 HEREFORDIA. 

With the yoked team upturns the mellow land, 
Here scatters seed with firm and generous hand, 
There leads the flock to pastures green and sweet. 
Where sunlit slopes the sportive lambkins greet ; 
Nor deaf to duty and the calls of health, 
Raising by industry the rustic wealth, 
The village matron and her youthful train. 
Now swell the busy troop o'er hill and plain. 
Though bonny France with sunny landscape shines, 
All redolent with smiles and blushing vines, 
She cannot boast a more enchanting sight 
Than Herefordia, when the Hop-yards bright 
With festoon'd vistas meet the raptured eye, 
And orchards rich in blossom'd drapery. 
Shed perfumes which Pomona only showers, 
• Eden of perfect beauty, fruit, and flowers ! 

III. 
Come charming Summer, time of joy and love 
To all creation, here, below, above ; 
Birds, fishes, insects, beasts, and e'en mankind, 
All seek thy face, and atmosphere refined. 



HEREFORDIA. 

See, morning breaks ! and o'er the dewy earth, 
Light, borne on fragrant wings, hath early birth. 
From branch to branch the tiny bee doth stray, 
Gathering her honied store from day to day. 
On velvet lawn the fleecy flocks recline, 
And 'mid the stream collect the lowing kine. 
Tempted by shade and pasture rich and deep 
To climb the river's side, bush-grown and steep, 
Ne'er heeding happy youths in fields hard by, 
Who dance o'er new mown-grass so merrily ! 
Then welcome jocund Autumn crown'd with corn. 
With gushing grapes and over-flowing horn. 
When sumptuous fare, the tankard's ruby foam. 
Make glad the rustic heart at harvest home ; 
Then plenty cheers the lord of wealth and soil, 
The humble cottar, child of want and toil. 
All bless'd by fruits of Providence and Heaven, 
With lavish hand to peer and peasant given. 

IV. 

Reader, if lust of wealth attract thy heart. 

Go, thread the maze of Mammon's crowded mart ; 



46 HEREFORDIA. 

If fashion lure thee to her ghttering way, 

Go seek her courts, where clothed in soft array, 

And smiling mien, her votaries take delight, 

Wasting their strength m one continued night. 

Nor finding rest till garish eye of day 

On sallow cheeks shall stamp a feverish ray. 

If Nature lead thy more sagacious mind, 

Go, trace her haunts, where health and peace combined 

Induce wise thoughts, true hours of happiness, 

And ripe old age which Heaven doth deign to bless. 

V. 

Who saunters then the fine old county through. 
Can coldly pass the scenes which catch his view I 
The wooded height, the grassy dell and mead, 
Where burly oaks their shady branches spread ; 
The slopmg orchards where Pomona yields 
Sweet pear and apple ; the gold-colour'd fields, 
Where waving corn in rich profusion shines, 
The well-train d hoj)-yard with its tender bines, 
Resounding with the gleaner's joyful song, 
The merry dance of labourers, old and young? 




PKKACHIXG CROSS. MONASTKRY BLACKFRIAKS. 



'• On site remoter, raised in days bygone, 
Where creeping ivy hides the soften'd stone, 
The graceful Monastery of Old Blackfriars, 
With I'reaching Cross, though modestly, aspires." 

Herefori'Ia. — Canto ]I. 



HEREFORDIA. 47 

VI. 

When summer-months Avith bahny zephyrs vie, 

The rod and hne the thoughtful anglers j)ly, 

The Golden Valley anxiously explore, 

Where sport invites them to the sparkling Dore. 

There may the student sweet retirement taste ; 

The bard in reverie luxurious waste, 

Beneath the Abbey walls, the livelong day, 

And wake soft echoes by his tuneful lay. 

Nor needs the painter for his pleasing art, 

Whilst Vagi's shores such fairy nooks impart, 

Task grateful ! From the spot wherein she leaves 

Fair Brecknock's hills, whence Monmouth's vale receives 

Her stream, Nature, with ever-changing hue, 

Enchants their ready pen and pencil too. 

VII. 

Moccas embosom'd in her sylvan glade, 
Fair gardens on its terraced slope display'd, 
And Belmont peeping from its close retreat, 
Th' enraptured voyager's attention meet. 
Sweet Rotherwas, secluded snug and warm, 
'Neath Dinedor's sheltering hills; ne'er feels alarm. 



48 



HEREFORDIA. 



Holm Lacy stately with her park and deer, 

And Fownhope woods romantic all appear. 

The scene extends, till Ross and Goodrich nigh 

On either bank their crowning charms supply. 

The Prospect boasts, beside its sacred head, 

The path which Kyrle delighted once to tread, 

With narrow purse, yet soul enlarged he bore 

Himself the friend of all the neighbouring poor. 

By precept urged them, by example led, 

To win their heavenly and their daily bread ; 

His fame and virtue through the country ran. 

The modest teacher and the Chrisdan man. 

And Pope, great judge of inmost thoughts and ways, 

On the philanthropist bestowed his praise, 

Praise woven with the poet's deathless song. 

Deserved and just, harmonious on the tongue. 



VIII. 

Whoe'er hath gazed from Ross' high Prospect down, 
Whose pretty church surmounts the antique town. 
There traced the river through its winding way, 
Reflecting golden tints on summer day. 



HEREFORDIA. 49. 

Thence look'd Avhere Cambrian mountains bound the view, 

And Malvern's heights are bathed in purple hue, 

The nearer hills all thick with shadows green, 

And valleys robed in Nature's matchless sheen, 

The slender spires, and hamlets here and there, 

Basking in Industry's enriching air, — 

Will long recall the grandeur of the sight, 

Retain the thoughts which raised the mind's delight 1 

Thence glancing westward from the sunny brow, 

The beaten road ascends the steep below. 

Nor distant far, thick clothed in ivy green. 

The walls, and bridge of Wilton, grace the scene ! 

Within few steps the stranger may descry, 

Fair Goodrich Court, and Castle rising high, 

O'erlooking Walford, on the other shore, 

Old Penyard's wood with Weston in the rear. 

High o'er the stream old Goodrich lifts its head. 

And bears with beetling brow an aspect dread ; 

Uttering a gloomy plaint, her spirit mourns ; 

With sadden'd heart to former glory turns. 



50 



HEREFORDIA. 



Twine, quickly twine, sweet Ivy Green, 
O'er my shorn walls all grey and bare, 

And kindly hide, with leafy screen, 

The hand that works destruction there. 



" Twine, twine again, with perfumed flowers, 
Bright as the golden sun in May ; 
With honey'd blossoms crown the hours. 
Bid Time my threaten'd fall delay. 



Fain would I e'er conceal the truth, 
Traces which mark my ancient stone, 

Oh ! could I but renew my youth, 

When o'er my halls bright splendour shone. 



" Though ruin haunts my once proud fane, 
No better fate, my masters share, 
None of their lordly race remain 
To Goldrick, Talbot, or De Clare. 



HEREFORDIA. 51 

5- 
'' Yon puny towers now vainly wear 
The tinsel of a later day, 
Like youthful beauties flaunting peer, 
Mocking my age and sure decay. 

6. 

" Then quickly twine, sweet Ivy Green, 
O'er my now soft and crumbling form ; 
Let thy young tendrils intervene, 
To sate the blind devouring worm." 

IX. 

As day declines, lo ! Goodrich fades from sight. 
Its turrets hid beneath the pall of night ; 
And led by thoughts her raptured mind engage, 
The Muse to Tintern makes a pilgrimage. 

i. 
Hail, fair Tintern ! Whether or not it be 
In Winter's dreary hour, when gloomily 



52 HEREFORDIA. 

The harsh wind blows all biting, cold and loud. 
And earth lies ice-bound, wrapt in snowy shroud : 
On Vernal morn, when o'er thy sacred ground, 
The young grass springs, and Nature smiles around ; 
In Summer, when the sun shines warm and bright, 
And skylarks warble in the azure height ; 
Or in brown Autumn, decked with changing leaves. 
When garners full, fruit blushing, golden sheaves 
Rejoice the heart of man, — I visit thee ; 
Tintern, thou still hast deathless charms for me ! 

2. 

Crumbling and reft though be thy ancient gate, 
Roofless thy walls, fast sinking, desolate ; 
All stript and naked thy once glittering shrine, 
Thy gothic windows glassless, where did shine, 
Traced in soft lines and tinctures bright and fair, 
Legends of saints, histories old and rare ! 
Dull and dismantled though thy lofly tower, 
Ungarnish'd, voiceless be thy stately choir ; 
Yet, Tintern, thou dost speak in tones to me, 
Both sad and sweet, like holy memories be. 



HEREFORDIA. 53 

3- 
Nor praise nor prayer now wakes thy fretted aisles, 
Nor studied jjomp the sacred rite unveils ; 
Thy lands and tythes by ruthless spoilers shorn, 
Which made thy coffers rich with coin and corn : 
Thy mitred abbots crumble in the dust, 
Their tombs scarce marked with sculptured cross or bust. 
The mind, reflecting on thy glories gone, 
Regrets thy ruin, but is proud to own 
The growth of freedom and the milder law, 
Ruling since feudalism hath ceased to awe 
The public mind : that knowledge, hand in hand 
With holy truth, hath lighted up the land. 

4- 

Then farewell Tintern ! He, Avho stands alone 
Within thy walls, thy beauty looks upon 
(The ivy clinging to thy wasting form, 
Where, silent, feeds the dull, rapacious worm I) 
Will ne'er retire without a parting sigh, 
The past and present crowding in his eye, 
Wishing again to see thy front sublime, 
Nor further injured by the hand of Time. 



54 HEREFORDIA. 

X. 

Monastic life is but existence lost, 
Wanting the spring which should adorn it most. 
'Tis active virtue makes religion thrive, 
Th' example best, by which to act and live. 
A tree hath use which sheds its proper fruit. 
That failing, 'tis a dry and cumbrous root. 
Th' imprison'd warbler sings ; but lo ! its song 
Is not so thrilling, half so sweet or strong. 
As when it sounds in Nature's haunts all free, 
Waking the air with charming melody ; 
To strains there given its younger mates aspire, 
And so results a full harmonious quire ! 



XI. 

And who can quit thy shores, meandering Wye, 
Ere climbing Wyndcliff, towering clear and high, 
Viewing the gorgeous landscape stretching wide, 
And Piercefield wash'd by thy ne'er-ceasing tide ; 
Then visit Chepstow, th' old and quiet town. 
By sheltering hill-side, closely nestling down, 
With aspect mild, beneath the Castle-keep 1 
Like angry monarch scowling o'er the deep, 



HEREFORDIA. 55 

Its watch hath been since JuHus Caesar hurl'd 
His countless legions through the startled world, 
Till by Clare, Bigod, Pembroke's lord possest, 
By Somerset and Cromwell 'mongst the rest ; 
And lastly, in Victoria's peaceful reign, 
Portion of Beaufort's rich, much prized domain ; 
Where forest huge, and pastures fill'd with kine, 
Of Nature's wealth afford an endless mine. 



T. 

Who hath not heard of Richmond's charming hill, 
Whence Nature liglit and beauty thickly showers. 

And Father Thames with ample stream doth fill 

The shore, where stand proud Windsor's regal towers. 



2. 

Deep in the gorge, there Kingston holds its place, 
And Bushey's noble park is clearly seen, 

A fitting guard to Plampton's fairy space, 
With palace, maze, and garden, all serene ! 



HEREFORDIA. 



3- 



But here, more bold and grand, doth Wyndchff rise, 
AVhere Vaga wanders through the wooded vale, 

Kissing with lofty brow the dappled skies, 
And Tintern droops, in dust, a ruin pale. 



High, on the broad expanse the eye doth rest, 
Unnumber'd counties meet the raptured view. 

Encircling fair Sabrina's golden breast, 

Then lost in Cambrian mountains clothed with blue. 



Varied and rich, the prospect hath no end ; 

Now soft, then wild, fresh objects catch the sight 
Exhaustless ; save where earth and air do blend 

Their lessening outlines with the melting light. 



Sublime, enduring, at His high command, 
Our great Creator's work will death defy 

Unlike the fruit of man's but puny hand, 
Made for an hour, but to decay and die. 



HKREFORDIA. 

7- 
So, classic Piercefield must its beauties lose, 

Roofless and bare will be as Chepstow's keep : 
Nature alone shall see the world's sad close — 

Will o'er its fallen greatness watch and weep, 

XII. 

Happy is he who scans this matchless scene, 
Where charms of Art and Nature intervene : 
Nor yet the varied landscape let him leave, 
Ere day declines in dewy lap of Eve. 
Day hath its glory ! 'Neath th' horizon's bound, 
Life, light, and shadow, run their wonted round. 
Morn moves along with quick and sounding feet, 
All heralding with sweets the Noon-tide heat ; 
But Evening soft assumes her sober vest, 
Suggests pure thoughts, fit time for sleep and rest 
Bids the full mind reflect on moments past, 
Foretaste the morrow, that, perchance its last. 
He who but tries the future oft to view, 
Will mete the present with a standard true, 
Doth labour well to fill the narrow span 
Which (iod awards to action and to man. 



58 



HEREFORDIA. 



Hark ! hark ! through rusthng trees 
Now sighs the Mid-night breeze, 

O'er field and streamlet borne ; 
And high in ivied towers-, 
Through melancholy hours, 

The moping owl doth mourn ! 



List ! list ! all soft and clear, 
Now breaks upon the ear, 

The nightingale's sweet song. 
Listen, as louder grows 
The melody, and flows 

Her trilling, matchless song ! 



See I see ! as in the cloud 
The moon herself doth shroud. 

Leaving the waning night ! 
Silent on velvet lawn. 
Watching the day's grey dawn 

The glow-worm sheds her light ! 



HEREFORDIA. 

4- 
Hark ! hark I how quick and shrill, 
Crowing o'er vale and hill, 

The cock doth wake the morn 1 
Now larks do carol high, 
The hound doth join the cry, 

The sportsman winds his horn I 

XIII. 

Hark ! hark ! dull guns now in the distance boom, 
Athwart the sky impends a heavy gloom ; 
^Uneasiness doth strain the public mind, 
A sense of danger, feeling undefined. 
Erect and ready every man doth stand, 
Couragefand lovenow nerve each heart and hand ; 
Courage in war to meet the con^ig foe, 
And love of country none doth better know : 
Pure unbought patriotism, the thought which spurns 
All other motives, when abroad there burns 
Aggressive action, and the wish to brand 
With foreign yoke our yet unconquer'd land. 
See, in the noble work, all ranks unite, 
Reckless of life, all wait the glorious fight ; 



59 



6o 



HEREFORDIA. 



O'er serried hosts these magic words appear, 
"The Queen, old England, and our children dear ! 



XIV. 

Firm as the rock which studs fair Albion' shore, 
Unscathed by storm, and deaf to ocean's roar, 
Dauntless and steadfast as her stalwart oak, 
Her sons, regardless e'en of threat or stroke, 
Make common cause ; and all in band compact, 
When danger frowns, resolve to think and act, 
Well weigh the cause which craves their sturdy might, 
And, once decided, buckle to the fight 
No better guards shall Albion ever need, 
Whilst hearts so true are ready e'e^to bleed^ 
Whilst the broad oakJunbendin^E^Sd and high, 
In countless fleets her wooden walls supply. 



The British Oak, the fine old oak, 
With outstretch'd limbs and strong, 

Defies the tempest's rudest stroke, 
Endures through ages long ! 



HKREFORDIA. 6i 



Deep in the soil, robusr, and tall, 

Firm stands its giant form ; 
With branches wide, its shadows fall, 

A shelter from the storm 1 

3- 

When dark clouds veil the wintry sky, 

Leafless it grows and bare ; 
Its limbs extend all bright and high, 

A crown of frost-work wear. 

4- 

When Smiimer smiles all warm and green, 
And decks the field with flowers, 

I'he oak puts on its shady sheen, 
The rudd)' apple showers. 

5- 

When by the Woodman's axe it falls, 
Dismember'd, shorn, and low, 

The brave old oak rears wooden walls, 
A fence 'gainst En'dand's foe 1 



62 



HEREFORDIA. 



And so/ Religion hath been given, 

A shield and solace here ; 
It yields both peace and joy in heaven, 

With Jesus ever near. 






,/'!:>y^, ~ 



SUBJECT. 

Nature must be viewed m all her Changes, and her Haunts are 
necessary to Contemplation. — Scenery from Ludlow, by way 
of Hereford, Ledbury, and Malvern. — Ludlow Castle, its 
History and Present Condition. — The Character of the Country 
in Olden Times. — The Saxon and Roman Periods. — Invasion 
by the Danes. — Origin of the Castle of Hei-eford, and Subjuga- 
tion of the City by William the Norman. — The Men of Here- 
ford in Doomsday Book, -^Surrender of Hereford to King 
Stephen. — Henry the Third and the Barons. — Deposition of 
Edward the Second. — The Wars of the Roses. — The Earls of 
Hereford. — The Viscounts of Hereford. — The Siege of Here- 
ford by the Parliamentary Forces in Time of Charles the First. — 
Its Defence by Sir Barnabas Scudamore. — The Monastery of 
the Blackfriars. — The White Cross and the Plague in Here- 
ford. — Chapel at Kington destroyed by an Earthquake. — 
The Slipping of Marcle Hills. — Longevity of the Inhabitants of 
the County. — Morrice Dance performed before King James 
the First. — Presentation to that Monarch of Twenty-one Sons 
by Sir Roger de Baskerville. — General Reflections on Man, and 
the Design of the Creation. — Herefordia, delightful both to 
Strangers and to her Children: the Tie not broken by Death. 
— Autumnal Leaves. 




Picture a voiceless, dull, unmoving world, 
Eternal silence into chaos hurl'd ; 
Or, e'en a flow of never-ending light, 
Without the rest and soft repose of night ; 
Pluck the fair stars from Heaven's high firmament 
wSink the vast sea, by foaming billows rent, 
And build a Babel huge of cold, grey s':one, 
Whereon to fix the straining sight alone. 
Monotony so sad would craze the mind, 
Render the vision soon both dim and blind. 
But Providence all-good, supremely great, 
Hath saved His creatures from so dire a fate ; 



66 



HEREFORDIA. 



Securing health and joy ! Wherever view'd 
Nature doth shine in crowds or soh'tude. 



He loses much who ne'er can Nature see 

In all her fitful, strange variety : 

Now sunny, pleasant, bright, serene and mild, 

Gentle as sportive lamb and prattling child, 

Then dark and threatening, with a face severe. 

With o'ercast sky and tempest hovering near. 

Anon, to fury lash'd in wildest height. 

She strikes the startled earth with subtle light; 

Next brooding into silence, such as reigns 

When spectral corse doth scare the battle-plains. 

Thus Spring delights to smile with opening day, 

Clothing the hills and dales with soft array, 

Then Summer lures us with her balmy hours. 

Her purpled thickets and her perfumed bowers ; 

And sober Autumn with her golden horn. 

Loads the huge barn with blushing fruit and corn, 

The stores which cheer us through the Wintry night, 

When social converse charms with kindly light. 



HEREFORDIA. 67 

But quiet thought, and contemplation deep 

Love lonely heaths where clouds and shadows sweep. 

In spangled fields and tangled lawn and dell, 

The artless child of Nature fain would dwell ; 

Far from the world, its anxious strife, and gains, 

The mind high impulse, purer view^ obtains. 

Content with little ; thus, the greed for much 

The spirit vexeth not by sordid touch ; 

Simple of heart, the student there confines 

His book to fair Creation's glorious hnes ; 

Religion, too, the moral feeling sways, 

Leading to truth's more calm and pleasant ways ! 

111. 
Reader, if worldly cares distract thy mind, 
The harass'd brain restoring balm would find, 
Go, trace the glebe from Salop's boundary line. 
To spot where Malvern Hills the county join : 
See Ludlow smiling, with her castle-wall 
In peace o'er Ludford's antiquated hall : 
Thence pass by Berrington to Lem'ster 'low n ; 
Then visit Hampton Court retired and lone. 



68 



HEREFORDIA. 



By Dinmore Hill, the Vale of Lugg pursue 

To Hereford, the varied country through ; 

Then see Stoke Edith's mansion, park, and fane. 

Till Ledbury's steeple rises o'er the plain ; 

Thence seeking Eastnor's awe-inspiring towers. 

Her velvet slopes, and all-enchanting bowers ; 

Enraptured, climb the Beacon's swelling height, 

There contemplate the panoramic sight. 

Where beauty reigns, and Nature ever glows, 

Displaying charms, which Britain only shows. 

Brief is the task, but in the mind and eye. 

Will linger long the pleasing memory. 

That freedom dwells, and industry here thrives, 

Blessing the fruit the great Creator gives. 

If Contemplation woo the purple shade. 

And youngjiomance aftect the leafy glade, 

(Coy Nymphs the twain, each tells her musings sweet. 

In pleasant groves, fond lovers' safe retreat), 

Go, seek the woods, where Wigmore's thickets join 

The hills and vales of charming Leintwardine, 

Traversed by streams, where, through the vernal day, 

The anglers love to lure their finny prey. 



HEREFORDIA. 69 

And he who scans the dark, barbaric age, 

When conflicts dire marked history's early page, 

May see, not far removed, the battle-field, 

Where Pembroke's earl display'd his blood-stain' d shield. 

IV. 

Close-built, and nesding on the church-crown'd hill, 
Fair Ludlow smiles with antique gables Siill, 
But not disturbed by sounds like those of yore, 
When her stout walls Montgomery's banner bore, 
Founder of the fortress ; and from whose fame, 
" Palace of Princes," dates its fitdng namic. 
The Castle, for King Henry, Pagnell held. 
Who aiding, next, Matilda, 'twas then quell'd 
By Stephen's force ; he, join'd by Scotland's heir. 
Reduced the place, and fix'd his standard there. 
In the third Henry s reign, De Montfort came, 
Demolishing the towers by arms and flame. 
Bold Roger Mortimer then ruled, its lord, 
Till, to King Edward, treason foul'd his sword ; 
And, here, the Duke of York in durance vile 
Held Glastonbury's Abbot for awhile : 



70 HEREFORDIA. 

And once again, the Castle was besieged 
By the sixth Henry, who plundering waged 
War 'gainst the town ! Led by savage glow. 
His soldiers laid the ancient stronghold low. 
Upon the death of York at stern Wakefield, 
The Earl of March (his son) the Castle held ; 
Here, the fifth Edward and his brother were 
Watch'd by the Earl of Rivers' friendly care, 
Till, trapp'd away by Glo'ster's fiendish power, 
The royal youths were murder'd in the Tower. 
In Charles's wars, Bridgewater's famous earl 
In the King's cause his flag did here unfurl, 
And for a space, the fortress kept at bay 
Cromwell's rapacious troops, which round it lay. 

V. 

Drear though be thy walls, dark be thy present fate, 

Where Ruin stalks all-grand, but desolate, 

Yet thou bright deeds and brighter hours hast known, 

Reflecting glory, pleasure all thine own ; 

The hours when pageant, masque, and festival 

Did the brave knight and jewell'd dame enthral, 



HEREFORDIA. 71 

The deeds which even deadi and age defy, 
Rich traits of honour, courage, loyalty. 
Nor dost thou need the poet's glowing verse, 
Such Milton's e'er-impassion'd strains rehearse, 
And Butler pour'd from sharp satyric vein, 
Within thy courts in Stuart's merry reign. 

VI. 

Who views thy giant fortress, once the pride 

Of Norman power, will not have inly sigh'd — 

That time is gone, when in thy neighbourhood 

Raged constant havoc, bloodshed, war, and feud. 

Peace marks thy place ; where, once with feather'd crest 

Bristled the barb, now builds the bird her nest, 

And songs harmonious wake the verdant plain. 

Nor booming gun doth shake thy walls again. 

Stately and still, beneath the vaulted sky. 

Thou hold'st thy ancient head sublime and high : 

Unscathed by storm, save fire of human rage. 

Thou stand'st a monument in after-age 

Of feudal greatness, civil discords past, 

Whereof thy stones a fading record last ; 



12 



HEREFORDIA. 



All ivy-clad, as if kind Nature tried 

With graceful shroud thy wasting form to hide ! 



VII. 

In olden time, Herefordia played her part, 

Prompt e'er in war ; m peace with useful art, 

To exercise her children's ready hand 

By labour to improve her generous land. 

This portion of Siluria was well-known, 

Which the Dimetae Tribes then made their own, 

Where long the people bravely held their home 

Against the legions of invading Rome. 

Nor till Caractacus was captive borne. 

And Rome's imperial robe by Claudius worn, 

Here, did the galling yoke Siluria know, 

'Fore Julius Frontinus her soldiers bow ! 

The Roman station. Magna Castra, stiU, 

And Ariconium built near Bury Hill, 

Attest the rule, which, for five centuries' time, 

The Caesars held in Britain's shifting clime. 




THE WHITE CROSS. 



'The White Cross (Bishop Charlton's work) records, 
Now by its simple form, though not in words, 
That, since the Plague bore, by its poisonous breath, 
To the doom'd city then, both woe and death, 
The country-people have enjoy'd fair health, 
The fertile soil produced its cereal wealth ! " 

Herefordia. 



Canto IV 



HEREFORDIA. 73 

VIII. 

During this era, a poor village known 
To Britons, " Caerffawydd," or "The Beech Town," 
Enjoyed the nov/ fair city's pleasant place ; 
And Boel, the governor (so legends trace), 
At the round table of King Arthur seen, 
Was in high council, kept at old Caerleen. 
Some fifty years had pass'd, that king being slain, 
The district v/as by Saxon Cridda ta'en ; 
And of the Heptarchy, the Mercian throne, 
The last and greatest kingdom then was known. 
Betwixt this time and Offa's dismal reign, 
Britons and Saxons were by thousands slain ; 
To mark the country here by Offa won, 
The famous Dyke that monarch then begun. 
Two centuries later, did the Danes invade 
The city. Bishop Carmalac being made 
Prisoner, and for whom a ransom paid 
Was by King Edward, till, by royal maid, 
Ethelfieda ^ the routed Danes were slain, 
And few survived to flee the crimson plain. 
The Wall and Castle, by this princess rear'd. 
Did cause the King to be by Welshmen fear'd ; 



74 HEREFORDIA. 

So, that with Athelstane a truce was made, 
Tribute in silver, gold, and kine was paid ; 
And, by this monarch was the River Wye, 
'Twixt Wales and England, named the boundary. 
King Harold next the city wall renew' d, 
And when by Griffith, Prince of Wales, subdued, 
The citizens were under tribute laid 
To William First, who a Mint here made. 
Thus ceased the Sovereigns of pure Saxon race, 
Of whom, in history, now, the slightest trace 
Recalls a sense of love and honest pride, 
Their mild and simple rule so justified. 

IX. 

In Doomsday Book, the men of Hereford 
Were chronicled in eulogistic word ; 
Claiming the van when hostile ranks did meet. 
And so, the rear, when force compell'd retreat. 
In Eleven-thirty-nine, th' year of Grace, 
For the Empress Maud, Talbot took the place, 
Holding it three years, when to Stephen, King, 
Fortune of war the castle old did bring ; 



HEREFORDIA. 75 

And^ crov/n'd, that monarch sate at Whitsuntide 

In the Cathedral Church. He did decide 

The southern suburbs all to set on fire, 

That no unfaithfiil troops might there conspire. 

When Heniy with the Barons was engaged, 

The war at first in Hereford was waged. 

That done, the Ba'ctle-field of Lewes was fought, 

Hence, were the King and his son Edward brought ; 

But luckily the Prince he found his way 

To Wigmore, where Earl Mortimer then lay. 

In solemn council there convened and closed, 

At Hereford, King Edward deposed ; 

And Hugh de Spencer, by the Friar's-Gate, 

His favourite (Earl of Glo'ster) met his fate. 

X. 

The soil of Hereford was next imbued 
With war "and blood, during the Roses' feud ; 
The Duke of York, 'gainst Pembroke's royal Earl, 
And th' Earl of Ormond, did his flag unfurl ; 
But ere in fight, the troops at Kingsland met, 
High in the Heavens three glaring suns v/ere set. 



76 



HEREFORDIA. 



Of Lancasters, four thousand nigh were slain, 

And Owen, second spouse of Catherine 

The Queen, with nine brave officers of note, 

By Yorkists, were within the City smote. 

In Cromwell's wars it was then thrice besieged, 

And Cave and Waher 'gainst each other 'gaged ; 

The former rashly did capitulate, 

lire latter entered by old Widemarsh Gate ; 

But soon his army did evacuate, 

When Scudamore reversed the City's fate, 

And forced the Earl of Leven to retire, 

Who so escaped King Charles' superior fire. 



XI. 

The Earls of Hereford, once powerful thanes, 

Held feudal reign o'er town, and hill, and plains ; 

From Sweyn, Fitz-Ozborne, to the brave Breteuil, 

Through ]\Iilo, Bossu, and the Bohun's rule. 

To th' eighth Earl Humphrey, last of that high nam.e, 

Henry, his heir, was Duke of Buckingham ; 

He aided Richard to usurp the throne, 

(Then prompted Richmond to obtain the crov/n). 



HEREFORDIA, 77 

Was by that monster kill'd at Salisbury, 
When ceased the honours of the family ! 
Viscounts of Hereford, the oldest known, 
The Devereux' race through sixteen ages own ; 
Of these, great Robert, Earl of Essex too, 
Eliza's favor and her vengeance knew ! 

XII. 

Lord Cantilupe (the Bishop's brother), he 

(Time, second Edward) built the Monaster}^ 

Of Old Blackfriars. In the succeeding reign, 

The King, the Black Prince, and a noble train, 

At its high consecration were employed ; 

And so the fabric for a time enjoyed 

Much reputation : to its coffers brought 

The stores which lay nor churchman set at nought. 

The Whitecross (Bishop Charlton's work), records 

Yet, by its simple form, though not in words. 

That since the Plague bore, by its poisonous breath. 

To the doom'd City then dire woe and death, 

The country-people have enjoy'd fair health. 

The fertile soil produced its cereal wealth ! 



78 HEREFORDIA. 

No dark event within the county's bound 
Hath frighten'd e'er the simple folk around, 
Since Kington Chapel sank by rude earthquake, 
And Little Marcle Hills did dance and shake, 
Its church destroying in their hasty fall, 
(Some add !) the parson, clerk, and people all ! 

XIII. 

The population here attain old age. 

If temperate habits do the mind engage, 

" But rheumatism abounds," so cries the sage, 

" Where cider flows," their native beverage ! 

In presence of their lord, the first King James, 

When flourish' d many fine old English games, 

Ten persons did perform most jollily, 

A Morrice Dance before His Majesty — 

Five men, five women, whose united years 

A thousand reached, by history appears. 

And Baskerviile, much to His Highness' sport. 

Stout sons a score-and-one he took to court. 

But Stuarts now no longer fill a throne, 

The stalwart knight of Norman blood is gone : 



HEREFORDIA. 79 

The Lord of Eardisley, a hundred lands, 
With all his race is mingled \\i;h the sands — 
The shifting sands which form'd the hill and plain, 
Where e'en not now his once strong towers remain ! 
But kings are mortal ; so the life of man 
Doth vanish into dust, a narrow span ; 
And dynasties but mark time's finite space, 
All unenduring as swift lightning's trace ! 

XIV. 

Though grand soe'er the page of history reads, 
And brightly there shine man's heroic deeds, 
How feeble seem they, when our eyes survey 
The works of God through each recurring day. 
The World's design is wonderfully laid, 
Wherein such love and mercy are display' d. 
That, wanting these, existence would have been 
A dreary waste, an unimpassion'd scene ! 
Mark but the sky its soft and azure hue. 
Where sun and clouds, delightful, form the view ; 
The fields, too, deck'd in verdiu-e rich and deep ; 
The shading trees in lines of beauty SAveep ; 



8o 



HEREFORDIA. 



And rivers bright, like th' eye in human face, 

Light and expression on the landscape trace ; 

Supplying harmony to charm the whole, 

The joyous song of birds enchants the soul. 

Nature rejoiceth in variety, 

With endless objects, leads the mind and eye ; 

Here, the bluff rock o'erawes the watery main. 

There, mountain-range o'erlooks the sunny plain 

Uniting order, use, and ornament, 

In system peerless, wise, and excellent ! 



XV. 

So rich in gifts doth Herefordia claim 

The stranger's love. To those, who, with her name, 

By birth have privilege of closer tie. 

Sweet Home dwells ever in the memory. 

In life thus dear, — in death 'twill form a part 

Of the soul's prayer to sleep within her heart ; 

Fain would the Muse secure her resting place, 

A nook within the county's much prized space. 

Whene'er that comes, oh ! let the moment see 

The Day's decline, whilst Autumn's leaves shall be 



.HKREFORDIA. 

Thick strewed by winds, which murmur solemnly 
O'er her poor tomb, the fitting drapery. 
1. 
Autumnal Leaves : 
What lessons teach they in the busy crowd, 

Where Fortune weaves 
Her web of blank or prize ; but that a shroud 
Awaits the old and young ; aye, instant death 
To him that strives 'gainst fate with fiercest breath ? 

2. 

Pale, falling Leaves : 

What speak they in the forest bending low, 

Where Nature weaves 

Her own cold winding sheet of spotless snow; 

■♦■> 
But that all earthly things must see decay, 

Ere light shall shine with never-ending ray ? 

3- 

Pale, floating Leaves : 
What prove they on the swift but silent stream, 

"Where soft Wave heaves. 
And on the golden prow the sun doth gleam ; 
But that the sands of Time unheeded fly, 
Find the unseen depths of Eternity 1 



82 



HEREFORDIA. 



Pale, falling Leaves : 
What say they on the bed of starry flowers, 

Where Beauty weaves 
A coronal, to hide the fleeting hours ; 
But the stern law, without exception made. 
That all must die, the brightest flower must fade ? 

5. 

Pale, wasting Leaves : 
What say they in the charnel house of Death, 

Where Darkness weaves 
A gloomy pall, e'er stifling light and breath ; 
But that, like leaflets withering day by day. 
The whiten'd corses there must sink away? 
6. 

Yet Autumn Leaves 
Foretel an Earthly and a Heavenly Spring : 

This sure Hope gives 
(Gladdening the Universe with cheerful ring) 
To Nature and to Man's immortal mind, 
That both shall live again, renew'd, refin'd? 



SUBJECT. 

Invocation to the Month of May. — The Agricultural Character of 
the County, paucity of Manufactures therein. — The County 
Towns. — Kington, Charles the Second and Mrs. Siddons 
there. — Leominster, Weobley, and Ledbury. — Ross. — The 
River Lugg. — Eminent Men conected with the County. — ^John 
Guillim the Herald. — Roger of Hereford, Bishops Putta, 
Wilfred, Athelstane, Lozing, Raynelm, Bruce, De Bethune, 
De Breton, Fox, Hoadley, Skipp, Miles Smith, Huntingford, 
and Musgrave. — Cardinal Wolsey once Dean. — ^Joanna de 
Bohun. — Henry the Fifth. — The Rev. Canon Phillips. — ^John 
Phillips the Poet. — Davis and Gerthenge, James Cornewell, 
Nell G Wynne, Sir John Geers Cotterell, Sir Uvedale Price, 
Bart., Richard Payne Knight, Thomas Andrew Knight, Sir 
Samuel Rush Meyriclc, Dean Merewether, Duncumb, Fosbrooke, 
Joseph Bird, James Wathen, John Webb. — William Havard. 
—David Garrick, Dr. Clarke Whitfi^eld, Dr. John Bull. 
David Cox, Charles Lucy, Benjamin Jennings, Jun. — Bishop 
Gilbert, Dean Langford, the Duchess of Somerset. — The Rev. 
Chancellor Taylor, the Rev. Dr. Talbot, founder of the County 
Lifirmary. 




Rise, rise, sweet May, and let the day 

Thy opening glances take ! 
The Skylark's throat Avith silvery note, 

Bids thee from slumber wake ! 
On dale and hill, the Daffodil 

Shakes off the heavy dew ! 
The Cowslip bright doth greet the light, 

And welcomes Spring and you ! 



86 



HEREFORDIA. 

2, 

O'er velvet lawn, the milk-white Fawn 

Gambols all blithe and free : 
On silken grass, both lad and lass 

Now foot it daintily ! 
A sluggard ne'er, with matted hair, 

Waste not fair Morning's breath : 
Or, sallow cheek will soon bespeak 

A poison worse than death ! 

3- 

To hail on lawn the Sun at dawn 

Brings cheerfulness and health ! 
The Bee on wing is gathering 

Her store of honey' d wealth ! 
To crown Thee queen with garland green. 

Thick set with Pink and Rose, 
A fairy band, link'd hand in hand, 

Doth lovingly propose ! 

4- 

Away, away, where breezes play 

O'er beds of soft perfume ! 
See, Flora leads to daisied meads 

A train of richest bloom ! 



HEREFORDIA. 87 

Then rise, sweet May, and let the clay 

Thy early kisses take ! 
The Skylark's throat, with silvery note 

Bids thee from slumber wake ! 



Herefordia e'er to agriculture given, 

There manufactures have but little thriven ; 

And thus, her towns are few and small, but fair. 

Not rich in art, but fixed midst beauties rare. 

Through Kington, placed by Radnor's hilly side. 

Sparkling and swift, the Arrow's waters glide. 

There, Charles, when outcast, and his fortunes frown'd. 

Ere Worcester's battle, safe asylum found ; 

Now, too, remains the Talbot-hostelry, 

Which shelter gave to fallen royalty ; 

There, Siddons first appeared in girlish age, 

The future queen of Britain's tragic stage. 

Whose name, with Garrick, Kemble, Powell, too, 

O'er Hereford no common halo threw. 

Then, Lem'ster, seated in a valley warm. 

And Weobley, cosy, snug, and safe from harm, 



HEREFORDIA. 

Enjoy sweet peace, in troublous times not known, 
When Stephen wore uneasily the crown. 
'Midst fertile soil, Ledbury, Bromyard stand, 
Where apple, pear, and hop, enrich the land ; 
Nor distant far, Ross, with her wood-clad hills, 
O'er meads and corn-fields thick, complacent smiles 
A landscape pointing to the mind and eye. 
Such only found where flows the matchless Wye. 
Now quits the Muse her pleasing task to guide, 
But bids the thoughtful rambler turn aside, 
And ere, to Hereford he sighs, " Adieu ! " 
Of Relpeck Church and Castle take a view. 
Then Madley, with her decorated tower, 
Will hold the critic through a pleasant hour. 

I. 
Through a rich sweep of woods and meadows green, 

The lazy Lugg doth wind its quiet way ; 
Now hid by copses, then in valley seen. 

Till, with the Wye its yellow stream doth play. 

2. 

Glide on, fair river ! as thy silent wave 

Flows from its tiny source to peaceful end, 




THK -SVYE, FROM THE PltOsPKCT, KOSS. 



'The Prospect boasts, besides its sacred bead, 
The path which Kyrle delighted once to tread, 
With narrow purse, j-et soul enlarged he bore 
Himself the friend of all the neighbouring poor." 

Herefordia..— Canto II 



HEREFORDIA. 



8 (J 



So may life gently ebb from birth to grave, 

Soothed by the thoughts which wisdom's path attend. 

3- 

Steering a course that flees both rock and shoal, 
Delighting now in sunshine, now in shade, 

Noiseless and safe may Man attain the goal, 
Where Providence a place of rest hath made. 

4- 
Who scans the book of Nature, doth not need 

Lessons of duty to the young or old ; 
Jehovah wills that he who runs may read, 

Where, knowledge yields, of price and form untold. 

o- 

Who hath not seen beneath the crystal stream. 

The polish'd pebble, variegate and bright : 
Like sparkling gem it brilliantly doth gleam, 

All rich with beaut)', rosy tint, and light ? 
6. 
Thus virtue shines in its own element ; 

A kindred soil its lustre multiplies. 
The future, mindful, gives to each event 

The meed of praise which present time denies. 



r 



po HEREFORDIA. 

7. 
A distant ray doth more intensely glow, 

Familiarity doth lessen worth ! 
Posterity, though late, doth justice do, 

AVhen unrequited merit leaves the Earth, 
8. 
A prophet hath no honour in his day. 

Nor earns he favour in his native land ; 
But when the sainted spirit flies away. 

His tomb is garnish' d by a stranger -hand ! 
II. 
How Providence hath graced thy ancient shire, 
Old Hereford, the Muse with feeble lyre 
Hath sung ; and ere she close the lettered page, 
Whether or not it lives a day, or age, 
Duty and love would fain her lay extend. 
Where fancies with the rural picture blend, — 
To scribe their names, whose virtue, deed, or mind 
Have ever service done to human kind ! 
Then, who so fit to lead the goodly roll. 
As Guillim learned, witty, quaint old soul. 
Father of heraldry, and blazoned lore. 
On whose illumined tome the students pore, 



HEREFORDIA. 9^ 

Puzzled with strange beasts, fishes, and a train 
Of symbols coined in mythologic brain ! 
Roger of Hereford, a century 
Ere Bacon lived, versed in astronomy, 
A treatise wrote upon Astrology, 
With book on metals couched most daintily. 

III. 
Few Sees can boast of bishops such a hne. 
Whose learning, piety and goodness shine ; 
Lavish of gold they raised their ancient seat, 
The Minster grand, religion's calm retreat ! 
There, Putta, Milfred, ruled when first it rose, 
Athelstane next, who, (later scribes suppose), 

Founded the present pile. Then did succeed 

Lozing, Raynelm, Bruce, De Bethune : these, we read, 

The fabric finished. By the liberal aid 

Of Joanna de Bohun soon was made 

The Lady Chapel, glory of the place ! 

Of Bishops Booth and Audley then we trace 

The work ; and next, of Bishop Stanbury, 

The latter sent to Sarum's richer see. 

The list gives scholars great and not a few, 

De Breton, Fox, Hoadley, Skipp, (prelates, too) : 



92 HEREFORDIA. 

The famed Miles Smith who Glo'ster's mitre wore, 

And Huntingford his honours meekly bore. 

Musgrave beloved, alas ! too early gone, 

Then ably filled Saint Cantilupe's fair throne. 

Who, rightly borne to Ebor's stately chair. 

Next ruled with firm but kindly spirit there. 

In him were blended, for his office high. 

Due meekness, reverence, and charity ; 

And best of all, the wisdom which doth teach 

Christ's minister to practice more than preach : 

He through long life observed with constant view 

Precepts praised by many, kept but by few. 

Nor did the lofty Wolsey think too mean 

Of Hereford, and so was once its dean. 

Step lowest of the hill he dared to climb. 

Ne'er since attain'd, — rough, dangerous, yet sublime ! 

IV. 

Henry the Fifth, though on its confines born, 

Within the county spent his childhood's morn, 

Was bred at Bicknor, in the family 

Of the then powerful Earl of Salisbury. 

His nurse's tomb, with effigy is set 

There, in the church of fair Saint Margaret. 



HEREFORDIA. 93 

In later times^ the canon Phillips claims 

Our praise, whose loyalty past history names, 

As having lodged some days at Withington 

Prince Charles, in the year sixteen fifty-one, 

After Worcester's battle, when on his head 

A price was set, but happily not paid. 

Nor must we slight the good old clerk's grandson, 

John Phillips, who, our famous Cider on. 

In classic verse (with other poems) wrote, 

As bard and scholar stamping him with note. 

The poet Davies too, and Gerthenge, then 

Whom Fuller names as "having used the pen, 

The best in England." The first lived to be 

Master in ^^Titing to the Prince Henry ! 

If gallantry and courage, honored be, 

The noble Cornewall needs no eulogy ; 

Who, in his ship, the mighty Marlborough proved 

How English tars can fight ; how much he loved 

His country ; and, there, dying oft' Toulon, 

From the opposing hosts their praises won. 

v. 
Save, for one fault — and who is free from sin ? — 
The city needs not blush for fair Nell Gwynne, 



94 



HEREFORDIA. 

The once poor apple-girl, then favourite, 

Of gay King Charles, born near the palace-site, 

Where, long, her grandson, Lord James Beauclerc, wore 

Hereford's mitre. Honour well he bore 

To his ancestress ; her, whose charity, 

For our brave soldiers' weal her sympathy. 

The Hospital at Chelsea did endow, 

A work of love which marks her memory now ! 

For sterhng worth, the fine old gentleman, 

The friend of rich and poor, we ne'er may scan, 

Geers Cotterell's fellow. Whilst Garnons rears 

Its head, his name throughout succeeding years 

Will be the pleasing theme of old and young. 

Still dear to hearts, in their affections strong ! 

VI. 

For love of Nature, philosophic mind. 

In learning skill'd, all men of taste refin'd, 

Uvedale Price, the gentle brothers. Knight, 

A trio form, rare, excellent, and bright ! 

To those delighting in black-lettered lore. 

Who Fosbrook's, Meyrick's, Duncumb's works explore. 

Their deep research and patience will descry. 

Safe pioneers in art and history ! 



HEREFORDIA. 95 

And Havard, come of low but honest birth, 
Claims eulogy for industry and worth. 
The generous aid his fortune freely shed 
On youth deserving, in the county bred : 
And deeply versed in archseologic field. 
Whose labours ancient treasure oft revealed. 
Uniting too, rich fund of anecdote. 
With local customs, and events of note. 
Dean Merewether, Wathen, Webb, and Bird, 
Will long be m.ention'd with a kindly word ! 

VII. 

Whilst Avon's Swan his magic sceptre sways. 

For deathless song, sweet poesy, and plays, 

Must Garrick's fame endure. His genius rife 

To Shakspeare's thoughts gave force, and hre, and life. 

Suiting the actor in his wondrous part, 

Absorbing person, character, and heart. 

Portrayed in narrow bound of mimic stage, 

Th' awaken'd spirits of a former age. 

Though late, yet loved, whilst sounds the sacred song. 

And voices soft in swelling measures throng. 

The hearers pause to catch the notes again, 

Th' impassion'd tones of Whitfifeld's solemn strain. 



96 HEREFORDIA. 

And when the Nation's loyal anthem peals — 

" God save the Queen " upon the organ swells, 

The ancient College doth take honour full, 

Her hall associate with the fame of Bull, 

The author of that soul-inspiring song, 

Whose strains from year to year our tongues prolong. 

VIII. 

And whilst we care for learning, and for youth, 
Their early training and their moral growth. 
The Muse would speak with gratitude and pride ; 
For, Gilbert, Langford, Somerset, divide 
The noble work by them so well design' d, 
The school to educate our children's mind. 
Nor fails the hand which pens these feeble lays, 
To trace slight tribute of his love and praise, 
For one, whose guidance led, in truant youth. 
His early bent to science and to truth ! 
Nature, history, music, and the lore, 
On which the classic mind delights to pore, 
Find students here : so, homage Art receives. 
And o'er the youthful sculptor, Jennings, grieves ; 
Who, had he chanced maturer years to gain, 
Would not have plied his taste and skill in vain. 



HEREFORDIA. 97 

With gifted pencil, Cox's veteran hand, 
In sparkhng landscape held supreme command ; 
O'er tangled thicket, leafy lane, and dell, 
Threw sunny gleams, the rainbow's magic spell. 
Whilst, too, in glowing tints our painters speak. 
The canvas teems with Beaut)''s smiling cheek, 
And Lucy's genius ever will siu'vive. 
The lineaments of Kyrle sublime shall live ! 
From England's annals, in her darker hour, 
Scenes, full of tragic incidents and power. 
His later works with vivid force portray, 
Worthy of Art in its most palmy day. 

IX. 

Spirit of Faith, of holy thought and word, 
Thy blissful reign and sacred shrine record. 
Spirit of Faith, thy visions bright we see 
Through Jesus' Cross in Time's Eternity I 
Spirit of Charit}-, thy teachings mild 
Disenthral the soul, leave it undefiled ; 
Prompting the heart to love, the hand to share 
The woes to which humanity is heir ; 
To soothe the wants of infancy and age, 
The chilling gripe of penury assuage. 



98 



HEREFORDIA. 



Thus shaped thy life, so sweet thy memory, 
That ne'er a monument shall needed be, 
Talbot ; whilst yon fair House with ample door, 
With skill and comfort cheers the suffering poor : 
Whilst Herefordia holds her honour'd name. 
Recorded, there, shall be thy lasting fame. 




-_jj^ltfr.k'i 



fJHih 




SUBJECT. 

Song. — A Parallel between Foreign Countries and England. — 
Natural Tendency of Man to respect his Place of Birth. — 
Reflections on the Past, Present, and Future. — Appeal to the 
Reader. — Hereford as seen from Aylstone Flill and Broomy 
Hill. — Allusion to Changes in the Scenery. — The Railway. — 
Increase of Flouses in the Vicinity. — May Dance on Broomy 
Hill. — Reference to the Hatterail, or Black Mountain. — The 
Floly Mountain. — May- Hill and Malvern Hills. — The Catholic 
Cathedral at Belmont. — The Two New Churches of St. 
Nicholas and St. Martin. — The Churches of St. Peter and 
All Saints, and the Cathedral. — Legend of the Spirit of the 
Wye. — The Hospitality shewn by the People of Herefordshire 
to Strangers. — The Generous Disposition of the Men. — High 
Character of the Female Sex. — The Produce of the County, 
Cattle, Sheep, Florses, Apples, Flops, Cyder, Fruit, and Corn. 
— The Gleaners' Song. — Allusion to the fine Timber grown in 
the District, and the celebrated Oak Trees at Sarnsfield, 
Eastwood, Moccas, and Eardisley. — Reflection on the great 
Blessings conferred by Providence on the Country generally, 
and the mutual Obligations under which Persons are placed 
one to the other, both as Individuals and Citizens. — Con- 
clusion. 




I. 

Away, away, to sunny lands and skies. 

Where cloud-wreath'd mountains don a cap of snow ! 
Away, away, where dark-eyed houri vies. 

And chains the heart with passion's fervid glow. 

2. 

Away, away, to Italy's soft clime, 

Where lake and streamlet lave the vine-clad vales ; 
Away, away, where tinkling cymbals chime, 

And fair-haifd maidens chaunt their love-lorn tales. 



I02 HEREFORDIA. 

3- 

Away, away, where fields of Gold abound, 

Where grape and pomegran't swell the wine-crown' d feast ; 
Away, away, where sparkling gems are found. 

To fairy gardens in the gorgeous East. 

4- 

Away, away, and take your pleasure's fill ; 

O'er Earth and Sea in search of Beauty roam 
Then sated, sigh for England's dale and hill. 

The joy and comfort of your own dear Home. 
5. 
Slight not that Home of Liberty and Peace, 

The Land which yields thee wealth and social love ; 
Whose Laws, to fetter'd Slaves, ensure release, 

And to thy Sons the hope of bliss above ! 

I. 
Distant and mean though be the spot of earth. 
Which, once his home, still owns the wanderer's birth. 
Yet thoughts and scenes familiar to the eye, 
(When age recurs to sparkling infancy), 
Return, like fancies in a morning dream. 
Prove but brief joys, though real all would seem ! 



HEREFORDIA. 103 

Bright was the sun of Hope in childhood's day, 
Lighter the heart that chased dull Care away ; 
The hearth more gay which held the social throng, 
Sweeter the voice that hymn'd the sacred song. 
The face remains (the form is gone above), 
With smiles that speak a parent's ceaseless love ; 
Like angels watching o'er a soul that tries, 

Vainly, to join them in their paradise ! 

« 

How oft in gloomy haze the Future lowers, 
The Present weeps in melancholy hours, 
And yet the Past, by tender hnk, revives 
The bliss which love in kindred heart conceives ! 

II. 
Now tell me, dear Companion of my song. 
Wearied or pleased upon the wayside long, 
Com'st thou, a stranger from a land remote. 
With ear and eye quick to perceive and note ; 
Perchance, returning after years of toil. 
And grief, again thou tread' st thy native soil ; 
To clasp old friends in sweet and firm embrace, 
Once more the haunts of infant-years to trace % 
Then join me on the brow of Athelstane, 
Thence view the ancient City in the plain ; 



I04 HEREFORDIA. 

And climb again old Broomy's grassy hill, 

Where Contemplation loves to hnger still. 

There, see the change so late come o'er the scene, 

W'here Vaga flows through daisied banks serene ; 

These spann'd afresh wiLh bridge of iron form, 

The path for Railway, broad, and strong, and warm ; 

Where shoots the engine with its valve of steam, 

A giant coursing with unearthly team. 

Tearing along by strange, expansive power, 

As many miles as minutes count the hour ! 

TIT. 

Nature yet smiles; but here and there intrude 
Clusters of houses on her neighbourhood ; 
With sounds of voices, marks of human feet, 
Outnumb'ring those we once, on May-morn sweet, 
Led through the dance in joyance and in ease. 
On Broomy's slope, beneath her aged trees. 
A screen from western winds, dark Hatterail 
By mountain-range protects the fertile vale : 
Where Hereford on Monmouth's border ends, 
High, steep, and clear, the Holy Mount ascends ; 
Thence onward glancing, in the dappled east, 
May-Hill and Malvern's outlines soft are traced. 



HEREFORDIA. 105 

But close at hand, where Behnont-woods surround, 
A gothic pile surmounts the rising ground, 
A rival beauty, viewing with disdain 
Saints Nicholas and Martin in the plain. 
These dwarf-like seem, when quietly survey'd 
Beneath the Minster's high and ample shade, 
Back'd by All Saints, Saint Peter's tap'ring fane, 
Whence Lacey fell, — by accident was slain. 
Who roams along the River's peaceful shore, 
Recalling incidents of Legend-lore, 
Can fail to raise the soul's ecstatic part, 
Mark scenes which please the eye and touch the heart ; 
Watching the hours, as on the Dial's face. 
The march of Time all silently they trace ? 

I. 

List to the young Lark's carol high, 

Soft warbhng through the Summer sky ; 

See, see, the Sun's declining beam, 

With golden streak, paints Vaga's stream : 

All clothed in shadows deep and red. 

Fair Belmont lifts her classic head. 

And breathing sweets o'er bank and bower, 

Now welcomes Evening's soothing hour. 



io6 HEREFORDIA. 

2. 

The busy crowd doth cease to bear 
Their wonted burthens, toil, and care. 
The Mind, o'erstrain'd, its functions flies ; 
Labour in quiet slumber lies : 
And Pain and Sorrow, eased, forego 
Their keenest pang, their bitterest woe : 
Ambition slacks its onward race. 
Repose now reigns o'er Nature's face. 

3- 

As Day recedes behind the West, 
Kissing the clouds on Heaven's breast, 
Grey twilight hails the crescent Moon, 
Queen of the Night in balmy June : 
And wooed by Zephyr's breath serene, 
Mute Contemplation views the scene, 
Where near the River's liquid way. 
Beauty and Love enraptured stray. 

4- 

Now lost for once in silvery shroud, 
Pale Luna hides in fleecy cloud : 
Hark ! trilling on the ravish'd ear, 
Sweet Philomel sings soft and clear, 



HEREFORDIA. 107 

And darting from the osiers' side, 
A fairy skiff ascends ihe tide : 
Plaintive and low, a maiden's wail 
Now emulates the sighing gale. 

5- 

In slender shallop, swift and light, 
The River-Spirit haunts the Night ; 
Repeats her lone unhappy tale, 
All widow' d, joyless, thin, and pale. 
Shaping her course Avhere once did gleam, 
Her lover's barque on Yaga's stream, 
She still pursues the midnight-wave, 
With dirge laments his bloody grave. 
6. 
" Weave me a wreath, a cypress wreath. 

Bring streamers from the willow grove ; 
Senseless and cold the sod beneath, 

Lies all I mourn, lies all I love. 

" Weave me a wreath, a cypress wreath, 

And with me weep, fair swan, and dove ; 
Wasting and low, the sod beneath. 
Lies all I've lost, lies all I love. 



io8 HEREFORDIA. 

" Light of my soul, star of my life, 

Nature, and I for thee must mourn, 
Till death shall end my pining grief, 
Our ashes mingle in one urn." 



IV. 

If stranger rove within this ancient shire, 

The rambler finds the kindest v/elcome here : 

Generous and warm, the sons of Hereford 

All comers greet, at their well-fumish'd board. 

Right cold is he to female beauty's charm, 

If thy fair daughters ne'er his heart disarm, 

By grace, good-nature, and fresh, blooming cheek. 

Armour 'gainst which Creation's lords are weak ! 

True love and loyally, like roses, tvv^ine, 

So e'er unrivall'd do thy maidens shine. 

If monarchs be by rustic beauty won, 

Folk smaller must the soft impeachment own : 

Round, soft and crimson'd as the apples fair, 

Their lips enticing, and resistless are ; 

Who tastes them once, will surely ne'er refrain. 

Ere he forgets to steal a kiss again. 



^^3^- 




GOODRICH COURT, AND GOODRICH CASTLK. 



Within few steps, the stranger may descry 
Fair Goodrich Court and Castle rising high." 

Herefoudi a . — C a nto III. 



HEREFORDIA. 109 

V. 

The strength and sinew which thy yeomen yield, 

To guard their homes, and plough the fertile field ; 

The fleecy flocks and kine of purest breed ; 

Horses for draught, or train'd to greater speed ; 

Large stores of edibles to market borne, 

With apples, cyder, hops, and fruit, and corn, 

Form but few items of the ample hoard, 

The staple growth of fine old Hereford. 

Then, hear the Gleaners' Song, its loud encore. 

Through green glades, hark ! their joyous strains nov/ pour. 



Hie to the li^^ field, the busy field. 

Where poppies wave so lightly. 
Then thread the meads, where lambs conceal'd. 

E'er join in frolics sprightly. 
2. 
Bright as the Sun, that cheers the day. 

The Reaper's Sickle gleameth ; 
And swift as lightning clears its way. 

Where yellow Barley streameth ! 



HEREFORDIA. 

3- 

Then up the hill, and down the dale, 

Come, lasses, trip it lightly; 
O'er hedge and ditch, through brake and vale, 

Where Fairies pace it nightly. 

4- 
Rise, quickly rise, and brush the dew, 

Which drapes brown Autumn's morning ; 
Thick clover-grass fast scamper through, 

To glean the Corn at dawning. 

5- 
Kind Providence guards rich and poor, 

His mercy ever bideth ; 
For great and bimll, His boundless store 

A Harvest full provideth. 

Then ridge by ridge o'er fields now roam : 

The largest sheaf he beareth. 
Who, ere he takes his burthen home, 

Nor time nor labour spareth ! 

VI. 

Here, too, the Oak, the forest-king appears. 
Of aspect noble, rich in shade and years, 



HEREFORDIA. 

With lofty elm, the graceful ash and yew, 

The beech and willov/, pride of sylvan view, 

Whose leaves prove grateful to the feather d throng, 

Which cheers the summer day with tuneful song. 

He rightly sees thy sylvan glories shine, 

Where stature, strength, and grand proportions shine 

Their giant limbs extending broad and high. 

At Sarnsfield, Eastwood, Moccas, Eardisley ; 

Who then doth think how many pelting storms, 

And wintry blasts have rack'd their stalwart forms. 

Must own the Power which rears from tiny seed 

Such wondrous trees, must be Divine indeed. 

The work of man, to Hve a day, a year. 

Wants constant care, material repair ; 

But Providence to plants, in age and youth, 

Vouchsafes self-nurture, self-defence, and growth : 

By such gives shelter to the beast and bird, 

On all both use and ornament conferr'd ! 

VII. 

Since Providence hath bless'd the fruitful land, 
His bounties scatter'd with a liberal hand ; 
Should not the mind its denizens e'er train 
To thoughts and works, wherein their interests join ? 



112 HEREFORDIA. 

Who wealth enjoys, to hhii a trust is given, 

T' administer the sacred gift of Heaven ; 

To migitate stern Want and Poverty, 

Encourage useful Knowledge, Industry ; 

Respect the rights which man from man may ask, 

Make equal laws, the sage's noblest task. 

If this v/ere done, Corruption soon must cease. 

And hated War succumb to arts of Peace ; 

No tricksters, then for pubHc place and pay. 

Would e'er debase the crowd in open day ; 

Nor forced by petty shifts to hold their rule, 

Ne'er rob the State, the Nation's sense befool. 

Small evils are not cared for, so we bear 

The yoke, until it be too bad to wear, 

Nor till their reign a rankling nuisance grows, 

To crush it will the Pubhc Mind propose : 

Who dares, by wiles, to win your confidence. 

To pilfer next, will quickly make pretence. 

VIII. 

Diogenes, to find an honest man, 
With lamp in hand the thoroughfares did scan. 
The Muse, to seek a statesman great and true. 
Must lantern use, and double glasses too ! 



HEREFORDIA. 113 

Red tape, and nepotism, and low deceit. 

Now form, alas ! the common counterfeit : 

From rulers such let all devoutly pray 

That fate will rid us at an early day. 

Should Patriots again (a race like Peel), 

Within Saint Stephen's Hall their light reveal, 

The Muse might hail Britannia's sky more clear, 

Reform and Progress, stars ascendant there. 

Where England reigns, by far a higher aim 

Than empty sov'reignty should wreath her name. 

Conquest alone can give no moral right 

To stranger-lands, to rule by threat and might. 

For practised wrongs possession is no plea ; 

C ivilization, — Christianity 

Are but the cover to Hypocrisy, 

When made the means of loss and misery 

To people far-removed, who neither need 

England's doubtful friendship, her rule, or aid. 

Thy recent trials in the troubled East, 

Where civil discord made a bloody feast, 

Should e'er a warning and a lesson prove. 

Those, who would reign by force and not by love. 



114 HEREFORDIA. 

Will, soon or late, in fearful conflict be 
With the sad objects of their cruelty; 
Nor will the foe Death's messenger recall. 
E'en though the guiltless with the guilty fall. 

IX. 

'Tis best be poor, than feel the galling stain 
Of fraud and wrong assail our smallest gain ; 
Ill-gotten wealth hath wings and curses too, 
Pangs bitterer than griping Want e'er knew : 
Then, say, Britannia, (the World's fair Queen), 
Is thy sceptre bright, thy hand fair and clean ? 
Though to thy sway thy sons allegiance owe, 
Yet, there are duties thou may'st not forego : 
To comfort, aid, encourage by reward, 
The men whose lives thy island-fortress guard ; 
To keep implicit faith in work and word, 
So that thy pledge to others' be preferr'd ; 
To stifle strife, befriend the poor and weak. 
To do the right thou dost in precepts speak ; 
Justice to love, and so exemplify, 
By holy deeds, thy Christianity ! 
How comes it then, that Lucre paves the way 
To thy councils : that Wealth, in grand array. 



HEREFORDIA. 

All honour wins ; that Vice, in splendour set, 

Is current passport to a Coronet? 

How fare thy brave defenders, rough but true 1 

Requited how the perils they go through ? 

Privations, hardships, ever bear a price. 

Four groats a day may possibly suffice ; 

And what, for faults, how venal though they be, 

The knotted scourge is't fitting penalty 1 

A sin so foul, the Muse would fain disclaim ; 

But England owns it, to her lasting shame ! 

To say "that Britons never shall be slaves," 

Is idle boast, whilst o'er thy children waves 

The hateful lash. Far worse than slaves they be, 

The mangled victims of such tyranny ! 

The Law which such injustice perpetrates. 

The State which wanton Torture tolerates. 

In Christian practice have no real place. 

Wanting its Mercy, Charity, and Grace ! 

X. 

Ere quits the Muse, a scene so soft and fair, 
Wliich breathes of home, and parents' early care. 
She now would weave in this, her parting song, 
Their honour'd names, whose love so deep and long, 



ii6 HEREFORDIA. 

A glow of sunshine throws around her heart, 
Not to be quench' d till hfe and she shall part ! 
To wish them here, were idle, wild, and vain, 
To vex their souls with mortal coils again ; 
Their present bliss this would too keenly mar, 
The which her anxious Mind must yearn to share 
And distant though the sweet re-union be, 
Hope augurs joy as grows its certainty ! 

XI, 

Farewell, then, Herefordia ! Thy pure fame 
Is to the Bard dear as his humble name. 
Thy ancient boundary speaks to him of home . 
Whate'er he sees, where'er his footsteps roam. 
Recall sweet memories, such as may no more 
Be tasted, save on Heaven's eternal shore. 
Where all things shine with glory, life, and light, 
The Father, Son, and Spirit Infinite ! 
The theme is endless, and the Muse too weak 
Thy beauties all in fitting words to speak. 
She, loth, must flee to ruder scenes afar, 
Where, congregated thousands, hustling jar ; 
Where, trade and commerce busy traffic drive, 
The scholar, politician earnest strive, 



HEREFORDIA. 

And ermined lawyers sit in grave debate, 
Adjusting grievous WTongs in Church and State. 

XII. 

Adieu ! Herefordia ! — Farewell ! sweet Wye ! 
On thy green banks fain would I listless lie, 
Court soothing Sleep, sister of pulseless Death, 
Closing the eye, but not the living breath ; 
And binding Reason, whilst, through airy groves 
Unchained and loose, Imagination roves : 
Revels in dreams, which, like to frosted flowers, 
Fly, when the sun of life his morn-beam showers : 
And when exhausted proves the vital sand. 
My soul is wafted to the better land, 
Let friendly hands, with simple tribute, trace 
A corner there for my last resting place I 

XIII. 

Next to our Kindred doth our Country come, 
The spot which gives us birth, our childhood's home. 
No object, there, of beauty, love, or tie, 
In after-years escapes the memory. 



117 



ii8 



HEREFORDIA. 



As the pure Soul doth yearn for holy Truth, 
The Mind reviews the haunts of early youth : 
Where'er we wander, be it east or west, 
That place, recall' d, appears the last and best. 
So, did the Muse this pleasing task essay. 
With Herefordia link her lengthen'd lay. 



END OF THE POEM. 








CANTO I. 



The County of Hereford comprises a portion of the ancient Siluria 
which extended over Monmouthshire, the Forest of Dean, and the 
whole of South Wales, except the County of Pembroke. This 
district was inhabited by the Dimetse Tribes. That part of Here- 
fordshire, lying west of the parish of Byford, and now strerching 
to Radnorshire and Brecon, is said to have been formerly in- 
cluded in Wales. A portion of the localities enumerated in the 
poem, — namely Ludlow, Tintern, and Chepstow, — do not properly 
belong to the County of Hereford ; but, they are comprised in the 
Diocese, which extends over a large portion of Shropshire, and 
a part of Monmouthshire. 

" /;/ deep defile^ beneath the granite cone'' 

The range of hills, known as the Plinlimmon, situate partly in the 
Counties of Radnor and Montgomery, commences a few miles 
above the Town of Rhayader. In these hills, the highest point of 
which rises 2463 feet above the level of the sea, is the spring from 
which the River Wye (anciently called the Vaga, from its meander- 
ing course) originates. The source also of its sister stream, the 
Severn, is to be found in the same mountain-district. The Wye, as 



HEREFORDIA. 



indicated in the poem, descends from its hilly bed, and on its way- 
forms a wide and beautiful cataract, a short distance from Rhayader, 
where it finds its level. It passes from thence to Penybont, Builth, 
Hay, Hereford, Ross, Monmouth, and Chepstow, falling about two 
miles below the latter place, into the broad channel of the Severn. 
The Plinlimmon Hills, although of high elevation, comprise a 
series of undulating surfaces rather than a mountainous ridge of 
very prominent elevation. These hills, by their peculiar form, 
afforded a shelter to the renowned Welsh chieftain, Owen Glen- 
dwr, who, with a force only of 120 men, in the year 1401, was 
enabled, for several months, to withstand the attacks of an army 
greatly superior both in numbers and appliances. 

" The river winds Hay church and castle nighr 

The town of Hay, or, as it is usually styled, " The Hay," situate 
on the confines of Brecon, is only separated from Herefordshire by 
the river Wye. It has some historical associations with the 'doings 
of Llewellyn and King John. By the latter, the castle was destroyed, 
in the year 12 16, and, with the exception of a gothic gateway, there 
are not now any remains of much interest to the antiquarian. It is 
a singular fact, that the town of Monmouth is similarly separated 
from Herefordshire only by the Wye. Ludlow also abuts on the 
county, being isolated from it by the river Teame ; and Hereford- 
shire, in like manner, adjoins Worcestershire, close to the town of 
Tenbury. The town of New Radnor, also, is situate not far dis- 
tant from Herefordshire, on its south-western boundary. 

" So droops De Cliffords stronghold bleak and barer 

" Clifford Castle," which stands upon the north bank of the river 
Wye, was built by William Fitz-Ozborne, Earl of Hereford, but was 
held at the time of the Doomsday Book by Rudolphus de Totenie. 
It was acquired by the Cliffords by the marriage of Walter Fitz- 
Richard with Margaret, daughter of Ralph de Cundy. Walter 
Fitz-Richard, being a descendant of Richard IL, Duke of Normandy, 
whose father accompanied the Conqueror into England, and, having 
married the heiress of Ralph de Cundy, of Clifford Castle, took the 
name of De Clifford. The place continued to be the baronial 
seat of the family for two centuries. 

Here was born the too celebrated lady, of whom Dryden says: — ■ 

"Jane Clifford was her name, as books declare, 
F'air Rosamond was but her iwm de srii^en-e^'' 



NOTES TO CANTO I. 123 

Shs was daughter of one of the Earls of CHfford, and became 
celebra;ed for her amours with King Henry II., who built her a 
tower, in Woodstock Park, which he defended from his jealous wife 
by the classical device of a labyrinth. Queen Eleanor, however, 
who was as well read in ancient history as her spouse, was not slow 
in hitting upon the expedient of finding the clue of the thread and 
in reaching her rival. The historical romances add, that she com- 
pelled this unfortunate lady to swallow poison. Whatever may 
have been her fate. Fair Rosamond was buried at Godstow, and the 
following Latin epitaph is inscribed on her tomb : — 

•' Hie jacet in tomba, 
Non Rosamonda seel Rosa jNIundi, 
Non redolet, sed olet, 
Qui redolere solet." 

It has been translated thus : — 

" Here lies not Rose the Chaste, but Rose the Fair, 
Whose breath perfumes no more, but taints the air." 

The ruins of Clifford Castle, completely covered with ivy, look 
down solemn and sad upon the Wye : — 

" Clifford has fallen, howe'er sublime. 
Mere fragments wrestle still with time. 
Yet as they perish, sad and slow. 
And rolling dash the streams below. 
They raise traditions gloomy scene, 
The clue of silk and wrathful queen, 
And link in memory's fairest bond, 
The love-born tale of Rosamond." 

" On Ht'rjford^fjir City of the Wye'' 

The city of Hereford is of great antiquity, and in the time of the 
Heptarchy, was the capital of the Mercian kingdom. It stands 
about 250 feet above the sea-level, on a deposit of gravel, 900 acres 
in extent, and from 15 to 33 feet in depth. The rocks of which 
this gravel is mainly composed, have been identified with those 
found some forty miles higher up the river Wye, in the valley of 
the Ithon, and in the vicinity of Builth and Rhayader. The 
population of the city and its liberties was 12,108 in the year 185 1 ; 
it has since, however, much increased through the advantages of 
being made the centre of four important railways, namely, the Ross 
and Gloucester, the Hereford and New})ort, the Shrewsbur)-, and the 



124 HEREFORDIA. 

Worcester lines. All of these railways are now completed, except 
the lat.er, which is now in course of formation from Malvern; and a 
fifth hne is projected to Hay and Brecon. 

The present site of the city was, during the Roman era, occupied 
by a village, called, by the Britons, Caerffawydd, or the Beech 
Town. The existing city became, in the year 586, the capital of 
the principality of Mercia, and was called by the Anglo-Saxons 
Fernlege^ or the place of Ferns. The origin of the name Hei-eford 
has been the subject of much speculation. The Anglo-Saxon words, 
•' Here-I-Foi'd^' or, " Here is a Ford," have been mentioned as 
probable derivations, but the necessity of a seco?id Saxon name does 
not appear, th^Jirst having been Feinilege. " Hearde-ford, a " Ford 
for herds" has also been suggested. The Britons, no doubt, pre- 
ferred a name of their own, and on the disappearance of the 
Beeches, would probably find another. This could be readily pre- 
sented in the Roman Road from Magna to Wigornia (Worcester), 
which passes at about a mile distance to the north of the city. 
Heiifford, signifying " The Old Road," is the modern Welsh name ; 
another supposed derivation is Garivffo?'dd, or "the Rough-road," 
gutturals being often dropped in the transition from one tongue to 
another ; thus, E7'einnwg, " The Orchard," the ancient British name 
of this part of Siluria. Haroldfort has also been mentioned as its 
possible origin, the castle of Hereford having, after the ravages of 
the Welsh, in 1055, been strongly repaired by Harold, afterwards 
king. In ancient maps and descriptions, the names Hariford and 
Haeford frequently occur. 

The historical incidents of the city are briefly sketched in the 
poem, from the period of the Heptarchy to the civil wars of 
Charles I. The city was rewarded, after the Restoration, by a new 
charter, and an augmentation of the city-arms, with the motto, 
Iiivictce Prcemiiun Fidditatis. Since that period, no event of any 
historical importance has occurred in the city or county. 

" Reft is her castle, all her ramparts lost!' 

The casde of Hereford is described by Leland as having been 
one of the fairest, largest, and strongest fortifications in England. 
It stood on the north bank of the Wye, slightly eastward of the 
cathedral, and consisted of two wards. In the smaller, or western 
one, on a lofty artificial mound, was the keep, which had ten semicir- 
cular towers in the outer wall, and one great tower within, beneath 
which was a dungeon. The dimensions of the eastern ward were, 



NOTES TO CANTO 11. 125 

175 yards in the north and south, 196 in the east, and 100 in the 
west. The smaller ward measured 100 yards on the south and east, 
on the north and west were three sides, of sixty-five yards each. A 
moat, crossed on the west side of the smaller tower, by a bridge of 
s-one arches, with a drawbridge in the middle, surrounded the 
whole. Ethelfleda, who died a.d. 920, and was succeeded in the 
government of Mercia by her brother, Edward the Elder, com- 
menced the castle and city wall. The latter was sixteen feet high, 
and extended round the city on all sides except the south, where it 
was defended by the river. Projecting from the wall at intervals 
were fifteen semicircular embattled watch towers, thirty-four feet high, 
called from their shape, " half-moons," and having embrasures in the 
shape of crosses in the centre for observation and the discharge of 
arrows. Although portions of the wall have been rebuilt and 
repaired since the days of Ethelfleda, the present scanty but interest- 
ing remains undoubtedly stand on the ancient foundation. The 
length of the wall was 1,800 yards, and that of the intervening space, 
defended by the river, 550 ; the total circumference of the city 
(intra-mural) being 2,350 yards. There were originally six gates, or 
bars, at the principal entrances. A moat, which was obtained by 
directing the course of a neighbouring brook, surrounded the wall, 
and, until the recent alterations in and about the city, a shallow 
stream remained in its place. 

After the final subjugation of Wales by Edward I., the castle, 
being no longer needed as a means of defence, was allowed to fall 
into decay. Ruinous in the time of Leland, the devastation of civil 
war, a century later, could not fail to accelerate its destruction, and 
in 1652, subsequent to its gallant defence against the Scotch, by 
Barnabas Scudamore, the materials of the building were seized as 
royal property by the Parliamentary Commissioners, and disposed of 
for £85, as their gross value. 



CANTO II. 

" To trace the groivth of yon stupendous pile!' 

The history of the Cathedral church of Hereford, from its foundation 
in the Saxon era, to the end of the eighteenth century, is briefly 
sketched in the text. 



126 



HEREFORDIA. 



The dignitaries and officers, attached to the cathedral, now in- 
clude the bishop, dean, two archdeacons, four canons residentiary 
(who, with the dean, form the chapter) ; the chancellor of the diocese, 
chancellor of the cathedral, precentor, succentor, praelector, trea- 
surer and sub-treasurer, twenty-eight prebendaries (four prebendal 
stalls being held by as many canons) ; the custos and vicars choral 
of the college, an organist, a chapter-clerk, six lay deacons, and ten 
choristers. 

The stipends attached to seventeen of the prebends, have been, 
by a recent act of parhament, transferred to the Ecclesiastical Com- 
missioners ; a species of legalised spoliation, which, it is submitted, 
can be justified on no reasonable grounds. It is conceived, that 
these ancient institutions were intended to be conferred as rewards 
upon distinguished members of the parochial clergy within the 
diocese ; and as such they gave additional importance and dignity 
to the cathedral establishment. 

Nor can it be imagined how this act of spoliation was tacitly 
assented to by the bishop of the diocese, who was (except in one 
instance), the patron of all the prebendal stalls. It might, however, 
have been rendered more tolerable had the emoluments been re- 
tained, and had the prebendal dignity been incorporated with some 
of the less valuable parochial preferments in the gift of the bishop. 
But that the property of these strictly local appendages to the See 
and Cathedral should have been appropriated by, and added to, the 
funds of an ecclesiastical commission, wholly independent of, and 
irresponsible to, the diocesan authorities, is an instance of the 
grasping manner in which parliament is allowed to deal with 
private interests, and can only be accounted for on the principle of 
" robbing Peter to pay Paul." 

" The ancie7tt College with its spacious SqiiareT 

The College, which is a corporation independent of the bishop 
and the dean and chapter, at present consists of a custos and five 
vicars choral. The Vicars, in the first place, are nominated by the 
Chapter, but are subject to rejection by their own body after a 
year's probation. The custos is chosen for life, the choice gene- 
rally faUing on the Senior Vicar. 

The college is built in form of a quadrangle, with obtuse arches, 
opening into a lawn in the centre, and was erected about 1474. It 
contains a hall, common room, chapter room, and a chapel, with 
suites of apartments for the occupation of the members. The college 



NOTES TO CANTO II. 127 

garden adjoins the gardens and grounds of the bishop's palace, 
being beautifully situate on the banks of the river Wye. Between 
the cathedral and college is a cloister, connecting the two buildings, 
one hundred and nine feet in length. 

" Whilst aitgJit is left 0/ Cantihipe's fair shrined 

The shrine of the eminent prelate, Thomas Cantilupe, stands 
on the eastern side of the great northern transept, immediately 
beneath the apartment now used as the library of the cathedral. 

" So thy 7ia77ie, 
Dean Merewether^ shall survive to famer 

To the untiring zeal, exertions and excellent taste of the late Very 
Rev. John Merewether, D.D., Dean, who died in the year 1850, 
may be attributed the noble w^ork of restoration of the cathedral, 
which is now in course of completion. In it he was ably seconded 
by the other members of the Chapter, and by the inhabitants of the 
diocese, cit}^, and county. 

The altar-screen recently erected in the choir, was the gift of the 
late Joseph Bailey, jun., Esq., one of the members of parliament for 
the count}'-, who died in the year 1850, greatly regretted by his 
constituents, his family, and a large circle of friends. 

" The neighbour i7ig fanes surround it close at handy 

Two only of the ancient parochial churches within the city — those of 
St. Peter and All Saints now remain ; the former situate at the head 
St, Owen-street, and the latter at the junction of Eign-street and 
Broad-street. The new churches of St. Nicholas and St. Martin are 
without the city walls. The late Rev. John Hanbury, M.A., Rector 
of St. Nicholas, and the late Rev. H. J. Symons, LL.D., Rector of 
St. Martin, were actively engaged for some years in promoting the 
erection of the respective edifices. 

" jVight wanes apace^ the crowd are gojiel' 

The event described in the ballad, laid the foundation of the 
future importance and prosperity of the Cathedral. The restless am- 
bition of Offa, King of Mercia, prompted him to attack the neigh- 
bouring kingdom of the East Angles, with a view of adding it to his 
dominions, but he was defeated by the successful valour of Ethelbert. 
Peace being subsequently concluded, Offa acceded to proposals of 



128 HEREFORDIA. 

marriage between Ethelbert and his daughter Elfrida ; and the young 
and unsuspecting prince attended, invited, at the palace of OfFa, at 
South-Town (now Sutton), with a splendid retinue, to treat for the 
intended spousals. Quendreda, the queen of Offa, is recorded to 
have prevailed upon her husband to violate the ties of hospitality 
and humanity, and Ethelbert was treacherously murdered there, a.d. 
793. His guards were dispersed; his kingdom, taken by surprise, 
was annexed to the state of Mercia. The faithful Elfrida, who had 
been betrothed, if not married to him, retired to Croyland Abbey ; 
and Offa, seized with remorse, sought to appease his wounded 
conscience by actions which, at the time, were thought to atone for 
the deepest delinquency. Offa removed the body of Ethelbert from 
Harden, where it had been privately buried, to the cathedral of Here- 
ford, erecting over him a magnificent tomb, and endowed the church 
with valuable gifts, chiefly situate in the vicinity of his own palace. 
The known virtues of the murdered prince caused his shrine to be 
visited as that of a martyr ; and such was the fame of his miracles, 
that the city and cathedral attained a degree of opulence from the 
pious contributions of devoted pilgrims. 



CANTO HI. 

" The Golde7i Valley anxiously explore^ 

Where sport invites them to the sparkling Dorel' 

DoRE Abbey, more commonly called Abbey Dore (the name being 
derived from the river Doire or Dore), is a parish in the hundred of 
Webtree, beautifully situate at the head of the Golden Valley. The 
church is dedicated to the holy Trinity and St. Mary, and consists 
of a portion of the ancient abbey of White Monks. This was 
founded in honour of the blessed Virgin Mary, in the reign of King 
Stephen, by Robert, son of Harold, Lord of Ewyas. It consisted of 
an abbot and eight monks, whose revenue at the dissolution was 
valued at £118 2s. The remains of the abbey, now forming the 
parish church, are highly interesting to the antiquary, and derive 
additional beauty from their picturesque position. The late Rev. 
John Duncumb, M.A., the historian of the county, preceded the 
present incumbent in the rectory, and was, besides his literary talent, 
greatly resi)ected for his private personal worth and character. 



NOTES TO CANTO III. 



129 



" Moccas embosom d in her syh'an shaded 

Moccas Cour.', the seat of Sir Velters Cornwall, Bart, and Gar- 
nons, the seat of Sir Henry Geers Cotterell, Bart., are beautifully 
situate on the north and south banks of the river Wye, about eight 
miles from Hereford. Belmont, Rotherwas and Holm Lacy (the 
mansions of Wegg Prosser, Esq., Charles Bodenham, Esq., and Sir 
E. F. Scudamore Stanhope, Bart ), occupy equally beautiful sites, 
nearer to the city. The poet Pope, whilst on a visit at Holm 
Lacy, wrote his well-known sketch, " The Man of Ross," in which 
he so faithfully porurays the character of John Kyrle, so eminent for 
his philanthropy and personal virtues. 

" The scene extends till Ross and Goodrich nighr 

The town of Ross is said to have been founded from the ruins of 
the Roman town "Ariconium," which stood at a short distance. It 
was formerly a free borough, from the time of Henry HI, to the 
23rd year of Edward I., when it sent two members to parliament. 
This privilege was subsequently and finally rehnquished, on the 
petition of the inhabitants in the follow^ing year. King Henry W . 
passed a night at Ross on his way to Monmouth to see his queen, 
at the time his son and successor (Henry of Monmouth and hero of 
Agincourt), was born. It is said that the king received intelligence 
of the prince's birth from the ferryman at Goodrich, when he was 
about to cross the river ; and that he gave the boat and ferry, which 
were then the property of the crown, to the ferryman, in return for 
the pleasing news. The unfortunate Charles I. slept at Ross m 
1645, on his way from Ragland Castle. 

The living is a rectory and vicarage united, in the archdeaconry 
and diocese of Hereford, in the pa^ronage of the bishop. The 
church, dedicated to St. Mary, is an irregularly-built though hand- 
some edifice, with a lofty and well-proportioned spire, and stands 
in an extremely beautiful situation. The eastern window is orna- 
mented with stained glass, and contains a figure of Thomas de 
Cantilupe, Bishop of Hereford, in the act of benediction. A weekly 
market was granted to the town by King Stephen to Bishop Breton. 
The bishops of Hereford had formerly a palace here, which is now 
demolished ; and an old stone cross, called " Cob's Cross " (a cor- 
ruption of "Corpus Christi Cross"), is still standing, and supposed 
to be commemorative of the ravages of the plague, which visited 
the town in the years 1635-6-7. 



I30 HEREFORDIA. 

The benevolent John Kyrle, Pope's " Man of Ross," died here, in 
1724, aged eighty-eight, and hes buried in the church, where a rich 
monument, with a medalhon, was placed to his memory in 1776, 
from a bequest by Lady Betty Duplin for that purpose. Ross was 
the birth-place of John de Ross, a celebrated Doctor of Law, who 
was established by the Pope in the bishopric of CarHsle, without any 
election, in 1318, and who died in 1331. 

" The walls and bridge of Wilton grace the scene.'^ 

" Fair Goodrich Court and Castle rising highr 

The bridge and ruined castle of Wilton are about a quarter of a 
mile from Ross, being situate immediately in front of the Prospect. 

Goodrich Court, the seat of Lady Laura Meyrick (widow of Lieut- 
Col. Meyrick), is situate about three miles from Ross, and contains a 
fine collection of armour, collected by the late Sir Samuel Rush 
Meyrick, who erected the mansion. 

The Keep is the most ancient portion of the fine old ruin of 
Goodrich Castle. It was composed of three stories, each consisting 
of a single small room, the lowest being the prison, without even a 
loop-hole to admit air or light. The original windows are considered 
to be the most truly Saxon that can be. In the middle story, a stone 
frame for glass seems to have been inserted, and the style points to 
the time of Henry VI., and probably made by the celebrated Earl 
Talbot, who tenanted one of these chambers. The dungeon is sup- 
posed to have been erected in the time of Edward III, when Richard 
Talbot obtained the royal licence for converting his dungeon into 
a state prison. 

All that is known of the origin of the castle is, that a fort, held by 
a doomsday-book proprietor, of the name of Goldrick, or Goodrick 
(hence the name "Goodrich"), covered the ford of the river at this 
place before the Conquest. 

In 1 1 65, the castle became the property of the Earl of Pembroke, 
the then lord of the district from Ross to Chepstow. In 1347, 
it was the seat of the Talbot family, who founded a Priory of Black 
Canons at Flanesford, which is now a barn, about a quarter of a mile 
from the castle. During the Civil Wars, the fortress played a con- 
spicuous part, being taken and retaken by the opposing parties ; first 
for the Parliament, but it was subsequently taken by Sir Richard 
Lingen, who, in 1646, defended it for five months against Colonel 
Birch. It was, excepting the Castle of Pendennis, the last castle 




TINTERN ABBEY. 



' Hiiil, fair TiBtern ! whether or not it be 
In winter's dreary hour, when gloomily 
The harsh wind blows, all biting, cold, and loud, 
And earth lies ice-bound, wrapt in snowy shroud : 
On vernal morn, when o'er thy sacred ground. 
The young grass springs, and Nature smiles around ; 
In summer, when the sun shines warm and bright, 
The skylark trilling in the azure height; 
Or in brown autumn, decked with changing leaves, 
When garners full, fruit blushing, golden sheaves 
Rejoice the heart of man, — I visit thee ; 
'J intern, thou still hast deathless charms tor me." 

Herekordia. — Canto 111. 



NOTES TO CANTO III. 131 

which held out for the king, Charles I. In the following year, it 
was ordered by the Parliament " to be totally disgarrisoned and 
slighted"; and so it became a ruin, just at a point of the river Wye 
where such an object is most picturesque and interesting. 

" Hail fair TiJitern, whether or not it be^ 
In winter's dreary hour, when gloomily." 

Tintern Abbey, although one of the oldest of the Cistercian com- 
munities of this country, was not famous either for its wealth or the 
number of its members ; and at the dissolution contained only 
thirteen monks, supported by a rental of from £200 to £300, at the 
highest calculation. Dugdale returns the revenue at £132 is. 4d., and 
Speed at £256 iis. 6d. Its splendid situation on the banks of the 
Wye, coupled with the elega,nce of its architectural design may, 
however, challenge comparison with the finest ecclesiastical monu- 
ments in the United Kingdom. 

The abbey was founded in the year 1 131, by Walter de Clare, 
and dedicated to the Virgin Mary ; but its endowments were greatly 
increased by Gilbert de Strongbow, Lord of Striguil and Chepstow, 
and afterwards Earl of Pembroke. The establishment consisted of 
Cistercians, or White Monks, introduced to England only three 
years before, when they settled at Waverley in Surrey. The founder 
of the church was Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk ; and the conse- 
cration of the choir (the first portion finished) took place in 1268 ; 
and, in the body of the church, which is the most interesting part 
of the ruins, the architecture is of a style long subsequent. It was 
built in the regular cathedral-form, with a nave, north and south 
aisles, transept and choir, and a tower, w^hich stands in the centre. 
In the choir of the abbey was buried Maud, Countess of Pembroke 
and Marshal of England, her body being borne into the church by 
her four sons. 

" Then visit Chepstow, old and quiet to'iun" 

Chepstow Castle is supposed to have been originally built by 
JuUus Ccesar. In the reign of Henry I. it was possessed by the Clare 
family, of whom Robert de Clare (surnamed, like his father, Strong- 
bow), is famous for his Irish adventures. It afterwards came, by the 
marriage of a daughter of Robert Strongbow (who had no male 
issue), to William, Marshal of England, Lord Protector of the King- 
dom ; and, by the marriage of his daughter, it fell to Hugh Bigod, 
Earl of Norfolk. This daughter was Maud, who was in her widow- 



132 HEREFORDIA. 

hood created Marshal, in virtue of her descent, the king, Henry III., 
solemnly giving the truncheon into her hand. She was buried at Tin- 
tern, in 1248, her body being carried into the choir by her four sons. 
The casde was subsequently sold to the Earl of Pembroke, whose 
heiress, Elizabeth, carried it to Sir Charles Somerset, afterwards Earl 
of Worcester. During the Civil Wars, it was a place of great im- 
portance. It was, in 1645, given with other lands to Oliver Crom- 
well ; but was at the Restoration again possessed by the Somerset 
family, who now enjoy it. Here, Henry Marten, one of the regicides 
of Charles I., was confined for twenty years, where he died at the 
age of seventy-eight, and was buried in the chancel of the parish 
church of Chepstow. 



CANTO IV. 

" Go^ trace the glebe from Salop's bounding liner 

The river Teame, flowing beneath the walls of Ludlow Castle, 
divides the counties of Hereford and Salop, Ludford House, for- 
merly the seat of the Charlton family, being within a few hundred 
yards of the bridge. 

Berrmgton is the seat of Lord Rodney, and Hampton Court (once 
the property of the Coningsby family, and afterwards of the Earl of 
Essex), now belonging to J. H. Arkwright, Esq., are situate within 
three miles of the town of Leominster. 

Stoke Edith Park, lying midway between Hereford and Ledbury, 
is the seat of the Right Hon. Lady Emily Foley, relict of the late 
Edward Thomas Foley, Esq., one of the former representatives of 
Herefordshire in parliament. 

Eastnor Castle, the noble residence of Earl Somers, was erected 
about thirty years since, and is romantically situate within four miles 
of Ledbury, and about three miles from Malvern Hills and the 
Herefordshire Beacon. 

" The Earls of Hereford^ once poiverful thanes'' 

When the Mercian kingdom was subdued by Egbert, the title 
of Earl of Mercia was given to a viceroy, whose power at the first 
being that of a tributary sovereign, gradually declined. On the 
removal of Leofric from Hereford to Coventry, a.d. 1040, Sweyn, 
the eldest son of Godwin, was made Earl of Hereford ; but being 



NOTES TO CANTO IV. 133 

banished for treason eleven years afterwards, was succeeded by 
Ranulph, who was defeated by Algar and the Welsh, ad. 1055. 
Although a Norman, he was displaced by the Conqueror, and his 
earldom granted to William Fitz-Ozborne, a relative and adviser of 
the king, together with extensive landed possessions, in defence of 
which he at least strengthened Chepstow Castle. His son Bigod, 
surnamed De Breteuil, having joined the Earl of Norfolk in a con- 
spiracy against William Rufus, was deprived of his property, and 
condemned to perpetual imprisonment. 

The title and possessions were next granted to Milo Fitz-Walter, 
Earl of Brecknock, who in the time of Henry IV., erected the castle 
of St. Briavels, on the east bank of the Wye, a few miles below 
Monmouth, the abbey of Llanthony, and the priory of the same 
name, at Gloucester. This warrior and architect supporting the 
Empress Maud, the earldom was given by Stephen to Robert de 
Blossu, Earl of Leicester, a grandson of Bigod de Breteuil, upon 
which Milo retired to Llanthony, where he died. 

On the accession of Henry II., the title and possession passed to 
Roger, eldest son of Milo ; thence upon his death, occasioned by an 
arrow whilst hunting, to his brothers, Henry and Mahel, and after- 
wards to Humphrey de Bohun, who had married their eldest sister, 
Margery, and had no fewer than seven successors of the same name ; 
of these, the most eminent was Constable of England in the time of 
Edward I., who wdth Roger Bigod, Earl of Norfolk, extorted from 
that monarch the Charter of 1298, which for ever exempted the 
English from payment of any tax levied without the consent of their 
parliamentary representatives. 

On the death, in 1373, of the seventh Earl Humphrey, whose 
monument is in the Lady Chapel of the cathedral, the male line 
ceased, and the property of the De Bohuns was divided between 
his two daughters, Eleanor, wife of Thomas de Woodstock, Duke of 
Gloucester, and sixth son of Edward HI., and Mary, who married 
Henry, Earl of Derby, son of John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster. 
Henry was created Duke of Hereford in 1377, and upon his suc- 
cession to the throne,- in 1399, the earldom of Hereford was con- 
ferred on Edmund Stafford, Earl of Buckingham, son-in-law of 
Thomas de Woodstock, who fell in the batde of Shrewsbury, 1403, 
whilst fighting for the king. His son Humphrey (the eighth of that 
name), the friend and supporter of Henry VI., was created Duke of 
Buckingham, and fell on the Lancastrian side, at Northampton, in 
1460, leaving his grandson, Henry, as heir. One half of his pro- 



134 HEREFORDIA. 

perty was seized by the sovereigns of the House of York, as co-heirs, 
but their heir claimed restitution successfully from Richard III., 
who was placed on the throne through his exertions. Becoming 
disgusted with the new monarch, he took up arms in favour of the 
Earl of Richmond, and was arrested and executed at Salisbury, in 
1483. Since that period, the titles and possessions of the De 
Bohuns have been merged in the English crown. 

" The viscoimts of Hereford^ the oldest Jznownr 

The viscounty of Hereford has been held for sixteen generations 
by the Devereux family, and was conferred in 1550 ; it is the premier 
peer of that rank in England. Robert de Evreux, or Ervrus, was 
one of the Norman leaders in the battle of Hastings. His descend- 
ant, Sir Walter Devereux, had estates at Bodenham and Whitchurch, 
being Sheriff of Herefordshire in 1371 and 1376. A subsequent 
baronet of the same name, who, on his mother's side, came from 
the De Bohuns, got the title of Viscount Hereford from Henry VIIL, 
for his services in the French wars of that time. The barony of 
Ferrers, and the earldom of Essex and Ewe, descended to this 
house on the maternal side ; but ceased in 1646, on the death, 
without issue, of Robert, the third earl, a general in the Parliamentary 
army. Robert, father of the last-named, was the distinguished and 
unfortunate favourite of Queen Elizabeth, 

" Lord Cantilupe (the bishofs brother), he, 
Time, second Edwards, built the Monastery.''^ 

The remains of the ancient Monastery and Pulpit Cross of the 
Black Friars, situate at Widemarsh-gate, were restored at the ex- 
pense of the late John Arkwright, Esq., of Hampton Court, near 
Leominster. That estate is charged with the support of Coningsby's 
Hospital, immediately adjoining the ruins, which was instituted in 
1 6 14, by Sir Thomas Coningsby, Knight, being the only private 
military hospital in the kingdom. The vicarage of Bodenham, in 
which parish Hampton Court is situate, was directed, in a codicil to 
the founder's will, to be given to the successive chaplains of this 
hospital. 

" The White Cross (Bishop Charlton's work) records'' 

During the prevalence of the Black Death, or Plague, in the city, 
in 1347, the markets for the sale of provisions necessary for the 



NOTES TO CANTO IV. 135 

inhabitants within the walls, were held on the spot now occupied by 
the White Cross, about one mile and a quarte*- west of the city. 
This relic was erected some years afterwards by Bishop Lewis 
Charlton, whose monument in the cathedral bears the same heraldic 
device, a lion rampant. The prelacy of this bishop was from 136 1 
to 1369; and he is supposed to have been descended from the 
Charlton family, who were formerly Earls of Powis. 

" In p7'ese?ice of their lord^ the first King James. 
When flourish' d many fine old English games^ 
Ten perso7is did perform most j oil il}\ 
A Morrice Dance before His Majesty T 

Ralph Wigley, one of the persons who, in the year 16 13, joined 
in the morrice dance performed before King James L, is said to have 
been 132 years old. 

" And Baskerville much to his Highness sport. 
Stout S071S, a score-a?id-07ie, he took to cotcrtr 

The patriarchal person alluded to, was Sir Roger de Baskerville, 
the last most eminent member of that once very powerful family, 
whose then representative accompanied the Conqueror into England. 
To his ancestor was granted Eardisley Castle, with other large pos- 
sessions, in the western portion of the coun::y. Several direct 
descendants of the old knight, and the present personal representa- 
tives of the race, are still resident at Weobley. 

" Cofnpact and nestling on the church-crowii d hill, 
Fair Ludlow stands with antique gables stilir 

The town of Ludlow, which name is of Saxon origin, and formerly 
spelled " Leadlowe," or, " Ludlowe," was called by the Britons 
" Dinan," or the " Palace of Princes," and appears to have been dis- 
tinguished for its importance prior to the Norman Conquest. At 
that time, Robert de Montgomery, kinsman of William the Con- 
queror, fortified the town with walls, and erected the greater part of 
its stately castle, which he made his baronial residence until his 
death, in 1094. On the attainder of his son, Robert de ^lont- 
gomery, the castle passed to Henry I., who made it a royal residence, 
greatly enlarging and embellishing it ; and having strengthened the 
fortifications, placed in it a powerful garrison, under the command 
of Gervase Pagnell. He, in the following reign, having embraced 



136 HEREFORDIA. 

the cause of Matilda, held it for a considerable time against the 
forces of Stephen, by whom it was besieged in person, assisted by 
Henry, son of the King of Scotland. This prince, drawn up from 
his horse by an iron hook, was rescued from incarceration by the 
courage and address of the English monarch. 

Ludlow, from its proximity to Wales, was always a station of im- 
portance, and a strong garrison was constantly kept up in the castle, 
for the defence of the frontier from the incursions of the Welsh. In 
the reign of Henry IIL, an order was issued from the castle for all 
the Lords-Marchers to repair to this place, attended by their fol- 
lowers, to assist Roger Mortimer, at that time governor, in restrain- 
ing the hostilities of the Welsh. And in the forty-seventh year of 
the same reign, Simon de Montfort, Earl of Leicester, who had 
joined the confederated barons, assisted by Llewellyn, Prince of 
Wales, attacked the castle with their united forces, and having set it 
on fire, nearly demolished it. In the reign of Edward II., Roger 
Mortimer, a descendant of the famous governor, having joined the 
discontented barons, was sent prisoner to the Tower of London, 
from which he effected his escape ; and in commemoration of his 
success, erected, in the outer ward of Ludlow Castle, a chapel, 
which he dedicated to St. Peter, and endowed it for a priest to 
celebrate mass ; but being arraigned for high treason, in the reign of 
Edward IIL, he was publicly executed at Tyburn. 

In the reign of Henry VL, Richard, Duke of York, who then had 
possession of the castle, detained John Sutton, Lord Dudley, Re- 
ginald, Abbot of Glastonbury, and others, in confinement here ; 
and issued from this place his declaration of allegiance to the king, 
which he also repealed some years after on the defeat of Lord 
Audley, at Blore Heath; but on his subsequent insurrection and 
attainder, the king laid siege to the castle, and, having taken it, 
stripped it of all its ornaments. The town was j^lundered of every- 
thing valuable by his soldiers. The Duchess of York, with her 
two younger sons, was taken prisoner and confined for some time 
in one of the outer towers of the castle. After the death of the 
Duke of York, at the battle of Wakefield, the castle descended to 
his son, Edward, Earl of March, afterwards Edward IV. 

The young king, Edward V., and his brother, the Duke of York, 
lived in the castle, under the superintendence and protection of 
Earl Rivers, till their removal by order of the Duke of Gloucester 
(afterwards Richard HI.), to the Tower of London, where they were 
barbarously murdered. Prince Arthur, son of Henry VII., resided 



NOTES TO CANTO V. 137 

here after his nuptials with Catherine of Arragon, in 1501, and kept 
a splendid court until his decease in the following year. 

In the reign of Henry VIIL, a kind of local government, called 
the " Council in the Marches of Wales," was established at Ludlow, 
consisting of a lord president, as many councillors as the prince 
chose to appoint, a secretary, an attorney, and four justices of the 
Principality, the lord president residing in the castle. 

During the Parliamentary Wars, the castle held out for the king, 
Charles I., under the command of the Earl of Bridgewater, but finally 
surrendered to the Parhament. Frequent skirmishes took place in 
the town, between the contending forces, in one of which Sir Gilbert 
Gerrard, brother to the Earl of Macclesfield, was killed. 

Opposite the entrance gateway is the Hall, in which was per- 
formed by the children of the Earl of Bridgewater, the celebrated 
" Masque of Comus," composed by Milton, and founded on an 
incident which occurred to the family of that nobleman soon after 
his appointment to the presidency. In Mortimer's Tower, the poet, 
Butler, after the Restoration, wrote several cantos of " Hudibras." 

The remains of the castle, with its massive walls and picturesque 
towers, still exhibit traces of its original grandeur, forming a most 
interesting and venerable ruin, situate on the summit of an eminence 
of grey-stone rock, overhanging the river Teame, which separates the 
town of Ludlow from the adjacent county of Hereford. 



CANTO V. 

'^ And, thus, her Towns are small, andfeiv, hut fair!' 

The town of Kington is of considerable antiquity, prettily situated 
on the banks of the river Arrow ; and, here, the manufacture of 
chintz and gloves was once extensively carried on ; the former has, 
however, ceased altogether, and the latter is much diminished. 
King Charles II. is said to have visited the town prior to the Battle 
of Worcester, and to have slept at the Talbot Inn, still standing in 
Bridge-street. Near to it is a barn, where the tragic actress, Mrs. 
Siddons, who was born at Brecon, made one of her first pubhc ap- 
pearances on the stage. The church dedicated to St. Michael, is an 
ancient structure, standing in a large burial-ground, beautifully 
situate, and commanding a fine view of the surrounding country. 
A Free Grammar School was founded here, pursuant to the will of 



J38 HEREFORDIA. 

Lady Hawkins, who, in 1619, bequeathed money for the purchase 
of an esta'e, which, thirty years since, produced £224 los. per 
annum. The hving is a vicarage, uniting, also, the curacies of 
Brilley, Michaelchurch, and Huntington. On Bradnor Hill, about 
a mile north of the town, there are traces of an ancient camp ; and 
there is a rocky eminence in the vicinity, called Castle Hill, though 
it does not appear that any castle stood there, or that it was the site 
of an encampment. A chapel is said to have been destroyed by 
an earthquake ni this place, about 500 years since. 

Leominster (according to Leland) derives its name from a minster 
or monastery, founded here by Merewald, King of West Mercia, 
about 660, and that Saxon prince is said to have had a castle or 
palace about half-a-mile eastward of the town ; a fortress, also, was 
standing on the same spot in 1055, when it was seized by the Welsh 
chieftains, and fortified. At the lime of the Norman survey, the 
manor, with its appurtenances, was assigned by Edward the Con- 
fessor to his Queen Editha ; in the reign of William Rufus, the 
fortifications were strengthened, to secure it against the incursions 
of the Welsh. In the reign of John, the town, priory, and church 
were plundered and burned by William de Braos, Lord of Breck- 
nock ; in the time of Henry IV., it was in possession of Owen 
Glendwr, after he had defeated the Earl of March, In the next 
century, the inhabitants of the town took a decisive part in the 
establishment of Mary on the throne, for which service she granted 
the first charter of incorporation, about 1554. The monastery 
founded by Merewald, having been destroyed by the Danes, a 
college of prebendaries, and, subsequently, an abbey of nuns, were 
established here ; but these institutions were destroyed previously 
to the time of Edward I., who endowed the abbey of Reading with 
the monastery of Leominster, to which it afterwards became a 
cell ; its revenue, at the dissolution, being £660 i6s. 8d. The 
charter of incorporation, received from Queen Mary, was confirmed 
and extended by subsequent sovereigns. The last was granted by 
Charles II., in 1665. The borough has sent two members to Par- 
liament since the 23rd year of Edward I. The parish church 
dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul, is a spacious and irregular 
structure, exhibiting specimens of every style of Norman and 
P^nglish architecture : the tower, Avhich is of considerable elevation, 
stands at the north-west angle. This place confers the title of 
Baron upon the Earl of Pomfret, who styles himself Baron Lempster, 
that having been the ancient name of the town. 



NOTES TO CANTO V. 139 

Weobley was, until its disfranchisement by the ParHamentary 
Reform Act of 1832, an unincorporated borough, and returned two 
members to Parliament. The elective franchise was granted by 
Edward L, and was renewed, or confirmed by Charles I. The 
church dedicated to St. Peter and St. Paul is a fine structure, and 
contains several monuments of the families of Birch and Peploe. 
On the south side of the town are the remains of an ancient castle, 
which was taken by Stephen, in the war between him and the 
Empress Matilda, for whom it had been kept by William Talbot. 

Ledbury derives its name from the river Leden, which intersects 
the parish from north to south. It is situate on a declivity at the 
eastern angle of the county, and at the southern extremity of the 
Malvern Hills. In the more ancient parts of the town, the houses 
are composed of timber and brick, with projecting stories ; and in 
the centre stands a curious market-house in Elizabethan style. 
Ledbury sent two members to Parliament in the reign of Edward I., 
but surrendered the elective franchise, subsequently, on the plea of 
poverty. The parish church, dedicated to St. Michael, exhibits 
some fine specimens of Norman architecture, and on the south side 
of the chancel is a chapel, dedicated to St. Catherine, of decorated 
character. The north Porch is in the early s yle of English architec- 
ture, as is also the tower, which is surmounted by a spire of elegant 
proportions, and beautifully standing out against the hill, pictu- 
resquely clothed with trees. The Hospital of St. Catherine was 
founded here, in the thirteenth century, by Hugh Foliot, Bishop of 
Hereford, and endowed for six widowers and four widows. It was 
re-founded by Queen Elizabeth, in 1580, for a master, seven poor 
widowers and three widows. The present building, highly orna- 
mented, was erected in 1822, at a cost of nearly £6,000. In and 
near the parish were several Roman remains, and there is still a 
part of the famous Beacon Camp, considered to have been one 
of the fortresses built by Caractacus, when this part of Britain was 
invaded by the Romans, under Ostorius Scapula. At Ledbury, 
Jacob Tonson, an eminent bookseller, and the subject of a satirical 
triplet by Dryden, whose epitaph, pubhshed in the " Gentleman's 
Magazine," for February, 1736, was closely copied by Dr. Benjamin 
Franklin, for his own tombstone. 

The town of Bromyard is situate partl}^ in a hollow and partly 
against a hill. The church, dedicated to St. Peter, is a spacious 
structure, in the Norman style, occupying a high and prominent 
position. The downs adjacent to the town, on ib.e A\'orcestershirc 



T40 HEREFORDIA. 

side, are extensive and open, and the district lying towards Hereford, 
from which it is distant fourteen miles, is rich in orchards and fine 
hop-gardens. The Free Grammar School was endowed by Queen 
Elizabeth with £i6 4s. iijd. per annum, subsequently augmented 
by £20 per annum, by John Perrins, Esq. There are almshouses 
for seven aged women, endowed by the Rev. Phineas Jackson, 
formerly vicar of the parish, to which also the Rev. Dr. Cope, 
a former incumbent, was a benefactor. The town has been always 
considered dull, and, from its isolated position, is said, by a local 
proverb, " to have been the last built, and that it fell from the sky • 
ready made." 

" 0/ Kilpeck Church and Castle take a viewT 
Kilpeck is a parish, and perpetual curacy, in the upper division 
of the hundred of Wormelow, and the living is in the gift of the 
Bishop of Gloucester. The church, dedicated to St. David has 
some fine portions of the Norman style of architecture. It was 
given by Hugh Fitzwilliam (whose family assumed the name of 
Kilpeck) son of the Conqueror, to the abbey of St. Peter, Glou- 
cester, in 1 134, and became a cell of black monks subordinate 
to it, till its suppression. The ancient castle of Kilpeck fell 
early to ruin, and, since the time of Edward L, a part only of the 
walls was remaining. 

" Then Madley, with her decorated to7Juer, 
Will hold the critic through a pleasant hoiir^^ 

Madley, a parish in the hundred of Webtree, is a vicarage in con- 
nection with the perpetual curacy of Tiberton, in the peculiar juris- 
diction of the Dean of Hereford. The church, dedicated to St. 
Mary, is a large and handsome edifice, principally in the decorated 
style, with an embattled tower at the west end. The late very Rev. 
John Merewether, D.D., Dean of Hereford, was vicar of the parish, 
and, by his munificence and taste, contributed greatly towards the 
restoration and beautifying of the church. 

" Father of Heraldry and blazoned lore'' 

John Guillim, author of the valuable treatise, known as "Heraldry 
Displayed," was born at Hereford, in 1565, was educated at the 
Cathedral Grammar School, and died in 1621. 

" Roger of Hereford, a century 
Ere Bacon livedo versed in astronomy^ 
Roger of Hereford, ancestor of Richard Hereford, Esq., the 



NOTES TO CANTO V. 141 

proprietor of Sufton Court, having flourished, as astronomer, as- 
trologer, alchemist and mathematician, so early as the time of 
Henry II., anticipated the career of Roger Bacon by nearly a cen- 
tury. He is said to have been educated at Cambridge, as his 
works were long preserved in the library of that university ; of these 
the most noted are, a "Treatise on Judicial Astrology," and "A 
Book of Metals." 

'■'■ Few Sees can boast of Bishops such a lijie^ 

The Bishops Putta, Turtell, and Terteras, were the three first 
Saxon Bishops of Hereford, to whom, between the years 730 and 
740, a magnificent cross was erected on the east side of the cathe- 
dral, near the site of the present Grammar School. i\mongst the 
eminent persons who have filled the See of Hereford, since the 
Conquest, may be mentioned : — 

John Le Breton, LL.D., the predecessor of Cantilupe (1269 — 75) 
who was eminently " learned in the law." His treatise, " De Juri- 
bus Anglicanis," written by special command of Henry HI., was 
long in use as a standard authority. It washighly eulogised by Sir 
Edward Coke, who speaks of the author as "an ornament to his 
profession and a solace to himself." 

Thomas Cantilupe, or Cantilow, was son of William, Lord Can- 
tilupe, or Kentilupe, so-called from his residing in Kent (by Milli- 
cent, Countess of Evreux), who represented two of the principal 
Norman families which entered England with the Conqueror. This 
prelate was born in 1225, became Chancellor of the University of 
Oxford, and was, by Henry III., made Lord Chancellor of England, 
and succeeded to the See in 1275. He died in 1282, at Civita 
Vecchia, on his return from Rome, where he had been to obtain 
redress for encroachments made on the rights of his church. His 
flesh was buried in the Church of St. Severus, near Florence ; his 
heart was inurned at the monastery of Ashbridge, in Bucks, and 
his bones were deposited with pomp in his own cathedral, where 
his tomb, or shrine, now exists, in the north transept. He was 
canonized about the year 13 19, and, after his death, the arms of 
the See (the same as those borne by the East Anglian kings) were 
abandoned for those of the saint ; and these have been retained 
to, and are used at, the present time. 

Edward Fox (1535— 1538), the first Protestant Bishop of Here- 
ford, and one of the pillars of the Reformation, was almoner to 
Kmg Henry VIII. 



142 



HEREFORDIA. 



John Skipp, D.D. (1539 — 53), was one of the compilers of the 
Book of Common Prayer, and his successor, John Harley, D.D. 
(1553 — 54), was imprisoned and deprived of his See by Queen 
Mary, for the alleged crimes of heresy and wedlock. 

Miles Smith, D.D., born at Hereford, in 1550, who died in 1624, 
was the son of a flctcher, or maker of arrows, was bred up at the 
Cathedral School, and Brazenose College, Oxford. He became a 
Canon Residentiary of the cathedral, and afterwards Bishop of 
Gloucester. He was eminent as an Oriental scholar, and was em- 
ployed by James I. in the translation of the Holy Bible. He 
wrote the Preface to the Authorized Version, and, to this prelate 
and Dr. Bilson, Bishop of Winchester, was committed the entire 
revisal of the sacred volume. 

George Isaac Huntingford, D.D., was appointed to the See in 
1 815, and died in the year 1834. He held, also, the Wardenship of 
the College of Winchester, near to which city he was first mducted 
to the offices of the sacred minis .'ry, in a small parish church, where 
he was buried by his own special desire. Dr. Huntingford was 
esteemed one of the most learned men of his time, a profound 
Greek scholar (equal, perhaps, to Porson), and was greatly beloved 
for his eminent Christian virtues. 

" Alusgrave beloved, alas ! too early gone!' 

Dr. Thomas Masgrave was, on the death of Bishop Grey, in 1837, 
raised to the See of Hereford ; and in 1847, was translated to the 
archiepiscopal chair of York. In both these high positions he won, 
by his amiable, upright, and truly Chris dan character, the affection 
of every class of the community. He died in i860. 

" Nor did the lofty Wolsey think too mean 
Of Hereford, and so was once its Dean.^ 

Thomas Wolsey was born at Ipswich, in March, 1471, and from 
the time he became a Bachelor of Arts in the University of Oxford, 
at fourteen years of age, to the date of his downfall and his retire- 
ment to the abbey of Leicester, in 1530, no British subject ever 
advanced so rapidly in the favour of his sovereign. His income 
exceeded in amount the revenues of the Crown, and his household 
comprised 800 persons ; his retinue included noblemen and gentle- 
men of the highest rank and character. Wolsey succeeded Reginald 
West, as Dean of the Cathedral of Hereford, in 1512, during the 
episcopate of Bishop Booth, but appears to have held it but a short 



NOTES TO CANTO V. 143 

time, Edmund Frowcester having received the dignity in the same 
year. From the modest position of a Fellow of Magdalen College, 
and tutor of three sons of the Marquis of Dorset, in 1500, he ulti- 
mately became rector of Lymington, a chaplain to the king, 
Henry VIIL, rector of Redgrave, counsellor and almoner to His 
Majesty, rector of Torrington, canon of Windsor, registrar of the 
Order of the Garter, prebend of Bugthorpe, Dean of York, Bishop 
of Tournay, Bishop of Lincoln, Archbishop of York, Cardinal of 
St. Cecily, then Lord Chancellor of England, and Pope's Legate, a 
latere, in 15 16, Besides the profits of these appointments, the king 
bestowed on him the rich Abbey of St. Albans, in cominendiun^ and 
the Bishopric of Durham, and, afterwards, that of Winchester; and 
will these, he held, in pawn, the Bishoprics of Bath and Worcester, 
enjoyed by foreign incumbents. 

'• Henry the Fifth though on its confines bornT 

On the other side of the Wye, the district of jNIonmouthshire begins 
(for we have hitherto been in Herefordshire), and Courtfield claims 
our attention for a moment, as the place where Henry V. is said to 
have been nursed, under the care of the Countess of Salisbury. The 
remains of a bed and an old cradle were formerly shown as relics 
of the Monmouth hero. Half a mile further down the river is 
Welsh Bicknor Church, which has puzzled the antiquarians by its 
sepulchral effigy, representing a recumbent female figure, in stone, 
not ungracefully dressed in a loose robe, but without inscription or 
coat of arms. Tradition Avill have it, that it is of the Countess of 
Salisbury, and it is perhaps correct in the person, but wrong in the 
name; for, the lady who nursed Henry at Courtfield, supposing him 
to have been there at all, was, in all probability. Lady Montacute, 
who married the second son of the first Earl of Salisbury, but was 
no countess herself Her son, however, Sir John De IMontacute, who 
possessed the manor of Welsh Bicknor, succeeded to the earldom 
of Salisbur}^, and became Earl Marshal of England. It was he 
who was chief of the Lollards, and was murdered in the year 1480, 
by the populace of Cirencester. Welsh Bicknor is stated to be in 
Monmouthshire, but, locally, it is in the lower division of the 
hundred of Wormelow, in the county of Hereford. 

'' /;/ later times the Canon Phillips claims 
Our praise, whose loyalty past history namesT 

The Rev. Canon Phillips, who had then an estate at Withington, 



144 HEREFORDIA. 

afforded an asylum in his house to Charles II., in 1657, after the 
battle of Worcester. 

" Nor imist we slight the good old Clerk's grandsonr 

John Phillips, the son of Dr. Stephen Phillips (Archdeacon of 
Salop), and grandson of the Rev. Canon Phillips, was born at Bamp- 
ton, in Oxfordshire, where his father was also rector. He attained 
great celebrity by his poems, " Cider," " Blenheim," and the " Splen- 
did Shilling" ; and died 15th February, 1708. There are monuments 
to his memory in Hereford Cathedral and Westminister Abbey. 

" The Poet Davies, too, and Gerthenge, thenr 

John Davies, poet, schoolmaster, and penman, was born in Here- 
ford, and became writing master to the Prince Henry, son of James L, 
and died at Carhsle, in 1618. He and his pupil, Richard Gerthenge, 
were noticed by Fuller in his " British Worthies," and reputed to be 
the best penmen in England. 

" The iiohle Cor new all needs no eulogy V 

James Cornewall, Captain in the Royal Navy, was born at Moccas, 
in 1699 ; was brother of Velters Cornwall, who represented the 
county of Hereford in seven successive parliaments. Whilst in com- 
mand of his ship, the " Marlborough," of 90 guns, in an action with 
the combined French and Spanish squadron off Toulon, in 1744, he 
lost both his legs, and refused to leave the deck, until he died by 
the fall of the main and mizen masts. 

" Save, for one fault, and who is free from sin, 
The city need not blush for fair Nell Gwyn!'' 

Ellen, or Eleanor Gwyn, was of Welsh extraction (and although 
the place of her birth has been supposed by some persons to be in 
the Coal-yard, Drury-lane, by others in the city of London, and in 
Oxford), was born, February 2nd, 1650, in Pipe-lane (now called 
Gwyn-street), in a cottage contiguous to the palace, which her grand- 
son. Lord James Beauclerk, the then bishop, pulled down, and 
included its site in the episcopal grounds. 

" Uvedale Price, the gentle brothers Kiiight, 
A trio firm, rare, excellent andbrightr 

Sir Uvedale Price, Bart, of Foxley (the father of the late Sir 
Robert Price, for many years member for the county and city of 



NOTES TO CANTO V. 145 

Hereford, and with whom the baronetcy ceased), was a very learned 
and accompHshed scholar, and the author of an " Essay on the 
Picturesque." 

Richard Payne Knight, of Downton Castle, was a rare instance 
of high intellect combined with great philanthropic feehng and 
practice. He was a very humane man, and warmly attached to 
literary pursuits ; and, in furtherance of these objects, lived in great 
retirement, surrendering to his younger brother, Thomas Andrew 
Knight, his splendid paternal estate. He was the author of an 
"Analytical Essay on the Greek Alphabet"; an "Analytical Enquiry 
into the Principles of Taste," a " Monody on the Death of the 
Right Hon. Charles James Fox," and other works. He left a 
valuable collection of Papers and Manuscripts to the nation, 
which are now deposited in the British Museum. 

Thomas Andrew Knight, whose name has been previously men- 
tioned, was President of the Horticultural Society, and contributed 
very valuable works on agricultural and other subjects ; amongst 
which are, a " Pamphlet on Mr. Forsyth's Method of filling up with 
Plaister the Holes in Trees" (1802); also pubhcations on the "Ne- 
cessity of a Commutation of Tithes" (1804 and 1834); a "Report 
of the Committee of the Horticultural Society" (1841) ; a "Selection 
of Physiological and Horticultural Papers" (1841) ; the " Culture of 
the Pear and Apple" (1797) ; but his most celebrated work is the 
" Pomona Herefordiensis," illustrated with coloured engravings 

(1811). 

" To those delighting in black-letter lore^ 

Who Fosbf^ooke's, Mey rick's, DimciimUs wo7'ks explored 

The Rev. Thos. Dudley Fosbrooke, a learned scholar and anti- 
quary, was Rector of Walford, and the author of an '' Encyclopaedia 
of Antiquities," and " Elements of Archaeology, Classical and Me- 
diaeval" (1825) j the " Tourist's Grammar" (1826); " Foreign Topo- 
graphy, being a Sequel to the Encyclopaedia" {1828); "Choir 
Service Vindicated ; a Sermon" (1829); and "British Monachism." 

Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, a learned antiquary and armourist, the 
owner and founder of Goodrich Court, arranged the armoury in the 
Tower and at Windsor Castle, and possessed a valuable collection 
of armoury at his own mansion. He was the author of several 
Papers on the " Academies of England, Great Britain and Ireland," 
and " Ancient Welsh Manuscripts"; and editor of "Dunn's Heraldic 
Visitation of Wales" (1846); and the "Doucean Manuscripts" 



146 HEREFORDIA. 

(1836) ; and, it is believed, also of a later and valuable work on 
" Armour." 

The Rev. John Duncumb, Rector of Abbey Dore, and Vicar of 
Mansel, a learned and accomplished antiquary, was the author of 
"Collections towards a History of the City and County of Hereford" 
(1804). 

" Thefrie?idofrich and poor, we ne'er may scan 
Geers CottereWs fellow T 

Sir John Geers Cotterell, Bart, (grandfather of the present Sir 
Henry Geers Cotterell, Bart), many years M.R for Herefordshire, 
died in 1845, aged eighty-seven. He was greatly beloved by persons 
of every rank, and was regarded by all as the head of the County. 

" And Havard, come of low but honest birth'' 

William Havard, Esq., born in Hereford, of humble parents, in 
1735, rose to be partner in one of the chief London banks, and 
subsequently connected with the City and County Bank in his native 
city. He devoted his leisure hours to literature, and was author of 
the popular song " My Poll and my Partner Joe," published in 
Dibdin's collection. He died in 181 1, at his house in South 
Lambeth. 

" Uniting^ too, rich find of anecdote, 
With local customs, and events of note.'' 

The Rev. John Merewether, D.D., F.R.S., Dean of the Cathedral ; 
the Rev. J. Webb, F.S.A., Rector of Tretire ; and the Rev. J. Bird, 
Vicar of Mordiford, all eminent as scholars, enjoyed a high and 
deserved reputation for their great knowledge of archaeology, and 
through whose exertions many curious remains were discovered 
throughout the county. 

James Wathen, Esq., a gentleman much given to literary and 
artistic pursuits, accompanied the late Cap. Pendergras to China ; 
he subsequently resided and died in Hereford. 

" Whilst Avon's Swan his magic sceptre S7C'ays." 

David Garrick (the son of a French refugee, who, in 1766, held a 
lieutenant's commission in a regiment of Dragoons, then quartered 
in Hereford), was born in Widemarsh-street ; from whence he was, 
with his mother, removed to Lichfield, soon after his birth. 



NOTES TO CANTO V. 147 

" Though late yet loved^ whilst peals the sacred song.'^ 

Dr. John Clarke Whitfeld, Professor of Music at the University 
of Cambridge, for several years organist of Hereford cathedral, died 
about the year 1845. He was the author of the oratorio of "Pa- 
lestine," and numerous Anthems and Services, which rank amongst 
the best works of our most eminent musical composers. Besides 
his great musical proficiency as an organist and teacher, he was an 
admirable performer on the violoncello, and possessed of an ex- 
traordinary fund of wit and anecdote. 

" Now whilst 2ve care for learning, ajidfor yotithr 

The Cathedral Grammar School was founded by Bishop Gilbert, 
in 1386, for the purpose of affording gratuitous instruction to the 
sons of poor citizens. But the salary of the master being only £30 
a year, and not being deemed adequate, fresh regulations were made 
in 1665, when he was also allowed to receive private pupils. The 
Duchess of Somerset was a great benefactress to the school, and by 
her munificence it enjoys, in turn with Manchester and Marlborough 
schools, the presentation to thirty scholarships, fifteen at Brazenose 
College, Oxford, and fifteen at St. John's College, Cambridge. There 
are also exhibitions for four boys born in the city of Hereford, 
founded by Dean Langford, who died in 1607. The school was 
raised to considerable eminence under the head-mastership of the 
late Rev. Charles Taylor, D.D., who resigned the charge soon after 
he became Chancellor of the Diocese. This gentleman died in the 
year 1834, in consequence of a fall from his carriage. He was 
greatly beloved and regretted by his family, friends, and pupils ; 
amongst the latter, the author deems himself fortunate to have been 
included. 

*' Through a rich sweep of woods a?id meadows greefi, 
The lazy Lugg doth wind its quiet way^ 

The river Lugg, a deep and slowly-flowing stream, rises in the 
county not far from Leominster, and passes through a valley rich in 
meadows, corn-fields and hop-gardens, at a distance of about two 
miles south-east of the river Wye at Hereford. In some portion 
of its route, the adjacent soil is of a deep clay, and its waters 
partake of its red, yellowish hue. The river affords excellent sport 
to the angler, who delights to wander on its quiet banks. 



148 HEREFORDIA. 

" So homage Art receives. 
And der the youthful sculptor, Jennings, grieves^ 

The late Benjamin Jennings, jun., a native of Hereford, and sculptor 
of " The Birth of the Rose," and other beautiful works, died in the 
year 1856, at an early age. 

The late David Cox, head of the Water-Colour School lived at 
Aylstone-hill for several years, and there painted many of his most 
characteristic sketches of rural scenery. 

Charles Lucy, Esq., the now eminent artist, and painter of the 
interesting picture, " The Man of Ross portioning a Bride," is a 
native of the county. This charming work is in the possession of 
John Bleek Lye, Esq., M.D,, Castle-street, Hereford. Amongst 
other excellent productions from Mr. Lucy's easel, may be mentioned, 
the "Prometheus Chained"; "Milton visiting Galileo in the Pri- 
sons of the Inquisition"; " The Parting of Charles I. from his Family"; 
" Lord Nelson on Board the Victory on the Morning of the Battle 
of Trafalgar " ; " The Departure of the Puritan Fathers for America" ; 
" The Daughter of Cromwell on her Death-bed Remonstrating with 
her Father." The majority of these pictures have been engraved in 
the best style of art. 

" And when the Natioris loyal Anthem peals'^ 

John Bull, Doctor of Music, and composer of the incomparable air 
of" God save the King," was a Gentleman Commoner of the College 
of Vicars. His musical works remained unknown for many years 
after his decase. 

" Thus shaped thy life, so sweet thy memory, , 
That needed ne'er a monument shall be^ 

The Hereford County Lifirmary, standing on the south bank of 
the river Wye, at the eastern angle of the Casde Green, was opened 
in the 1776. It was erected by public subscription, mainly through 
the exertions of the Rev. Dr. Talbot, Rector of Ullingswick, who 
headed the list with the munificent contribution of £500. The site 
for the building was given by Edward, the fourth Earl of Oxford. 



NOTES TO CANTO VI. 149 

CANTO VI. 

" Then join inc on the hroiv of Athehtane, 
Ji< >i< * >i< 

And climb again old Broojfiys grassy hillj' 

Athelstane, or Aylstone Hill, supposed to be the scene of King 
Athelstane's treaty with the Welsh, in the tenth century, is beautifully 
situate about a mile north-east of the city of Hereford, of which, 
and the surrounding country, it commands a most extensive 
and delightful prospect. 

Broomy Hill is situate about the same distance from the city, but 
in a south-westerly direction, and upon the banks of the river Wye. 
During the last fifteen years many additional houses, the residences 
of gentlemen connected A\ith Hereford, have been erected in its 
immediate vicinity, the new bridge of the Newport and Abergavenny 
railway forming a beautiful object in the landscape. 

" With sound of voices, maixh of human feet , 

Oiitnwnhering those who, 07ice, on May-mor7i sweet, 
Led through the danced 

The charming and truly rural custom of going a Maying prevailed 
in this district thirty years since, and young people of both sexes 
met and danced together on Broomy Hill, under the three large 
elm trees which now stand near to the basin of the waterworks. 
From this point of the hill are seen the Hatterel (Hatterail), or 
Black Mountains, in Brecon ; the Skerrid, or Holy Mountains, 
near Abergavenny, in Monmouthshire ; the Malvern range in Wor- 
cestershire ; and May Hill, in Gloucestershire. 

" But close at hand where Belmont-woods surrotmd, 
A Gothic pile surmounts the rising ground^ 

The priory church and monastery at Belmont, erected under the 
auspices of Mr. ^^'egg Prosser, and the parochial churches of St. 
]\lartin and St. Nicholas, are new features in the scene. The 
cathedral, and the ancient spires of All Saints' and St. Peter's 
churches, all of which enjoy a commanding position, with the fine 
stretch of the river, visible from Broomy Hill, render it one of the 
most picturesque spots in the vicinity. St. Peter's church is memo- 
rable for the death of its founder, Walter de Lacy, in the year 
1085, who accidentally fell from the battlements, which he had 



I50 HEREFORDIA. 

ascended on the occasion of their completion. The church was 
given, in 1161, by his son, Hugh de Lacy, to the abbey of St. 
Peter, at Gloucester. 

" And cold is he to female beauty^ s charm. 
If thy fair daughters ne'er his heart disarm^ 

The allusion, it is almost unnecessary to remark, refers to the 
captivation of Henry 11. by Fair Rosamond, daughter of Lord de 
Clifford ; and to that of Charles IL by Nell G^vyn. 

'• The strength and sinew which her yeomen yields 

The county of Hereford has long been proverbial for the manly 
character of its agricultural population, the richness of its orchards 
and hop-yards, and their valuable produce. Its importance has 
been greatly enhanced within the last thirty years, by its excellent 
breed of horned cattle, horses and sheep, the former of which are 
surpassed by none in the United Kingdom. 

" He rightly sees her sylvan glories shine ^ 

Herefordshire is generally famous for its finely-timbered woods 
and parks ; and especially for its beautiful oak trees. The most 
celebrated specimens of the latter class are at Sarnsfield, Eastnor, 
Moccas Park, and Eardisley. The last-mentioned is a tree of very 
large dimensions and great age, standing about a quarter of a mile 
north-east of the village of that name. 



•-ts^ 



" And darting from the osiers' side. 
The fairy skiff attempts the tide'' 

One of the many legends associated with the river, is that relating 
to the " Spirit of the Wye," which, it is said, has for centuries fre- 
quented the stream, upon that beautiful portion lying between the 
old bridge at Hereford and the charming domain of Belmont. This 
legend, it is beheved, had its origin in the circumstance of the death 
of a youth, who was the suitor of the daughter of a governor of 
the castle of Hereford. Having been implicated in a conspiracy 
against the garrison, but without her knowledge, he was executed 
by order of her parent. This sad event turned her brain ; and the 
spirit of this damsel is reported to ascend the river nightly in a 
fairy skiff, to visit the scene of her former happiness, and there to 
lament the death of the long-cherished object of her affections. 



NOTES TO CANTO VI. 151 

" And what, for faults how venal though they be. 
The knotted scourge is't fittiiig penalty ?" 

According to a return made in the House of Commons, dated 
14th July, 1859, the number of persons employed in the Royal Na\y, 
in the year 1858, was 52,000. Of this num.ber, 47,646 are still sub- 
ject to the degrading and cruel system of corporal punishment. In 
the last-named year, 997 were flogged. The number of lashes 
inflicted was 32,420, the average being 32 lashes; the instrument of 
torture being the cat-o'-nine-tails. The offences in all the ships 
were nearly the same, namely, drunkenness, insubordination, theft ; 
and the great difference of the punishment, between one dozen and 
four dozens of lashes for the same offence, seems to depend more 
on the temper of each individual captain or punisher, than on the 
gravity of the ofl"ence so visited. The cause of the difficulty (which 
we hear constantly complained of) in getting seamen, — of numerous 
desertions, of the character of the seamen being degraded — may be 
so traced to the barbarities thus perpetrated under the official 
sanction of the Admiralt}^, whose conduct is a standing disgrace to 
the crown, the government, and the parliament. 

It must not be omitted to state, that the warrant and commission 
officers are not liable to the punishment. But till a very recent 
period, young gentlemen were liable to it j but it was considered so 
degrading, that by a special order they were exempted from the 
punishment. Our aristocratic chiefs, yet, have pertinaciously continued 
it for the actual working and able-bodied sailors, who in the hour of 
danger bear the great brunt of the perils to which the service is 
exposed. How such iniquity can be perpetrated in a Christian 
country, it would be difficult to imagine. But we know that the 
interests of the great body of the people are wholly unrepresented 
in both branches of the senate ; in the upper house, where sit the 
titled and territorial aristocracy ; and in the lower one, the junior 
members of their families, combined with the heads of the great 
mercantile and manufacturing classes. These are all, more or less, 
bent upon their own individual aggi-andisement ; and the means 
by which too many of them obtain places in the legislature, cannot 
be characterised as honourable 




NOTES TO THE ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Wye Bi'idge and Cathedral. — This view, taken from the south 
bank of the river looking east, represents the bridge and the cathe- 
dral. Few structures of the kind, from the peculiar suddenness 
and extent of the floods, which are created by the mountain- 
streams collected at the head of the river, near Rhayader, require 
to be so firmly built over a comparatively small river, as the Wye 
Bridge at Hereford. And few bridges have so well withstood the 
many floods, which with overwhelming force have borne against 
this ancient fabric. At the close of the last, and during the 
present century, the floods have been so great as to entirely cover 
the meadows for a great distance on either side, the road through 
St. Martins, being wholly under water, and extending from the bridge 
to the causeway beyond the turnpike-gate, on the way to Ross. 
The present bridge, the footway of which was widened about thirty 
years since, was built about the year 1490, replacing a bridge of 
wood, which was erected in the reign of Henry I. 

Shrine, or Pyx, of St. Ethelbert. — Sir Thos. More, in his abundant 
wit, says, "The taking up of a man's bones, and setting them in a 
gay shrine, hath made many a saint." It was just so with Ethelbert, 
King of the East Angles, of whose death or martyrdom, the box, or 
pyx, in the engraving (more like a Florence oil-chest than anything 
else in common use), is considered to be a sacred memorial. The 
particulars of the historic incident having been detailed in the text 



NOTES TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 



1^3 



and notes, those here given will relate to the shruie itself. It is of 
exquisitely curious workmanship, but not more so than many other 
tributes of veneration. Like the relics of Bishop Trelleck, the shrine 
was lost to the cathedral for several centuries ; but it was discovered 
on the Continent some forty-five years since, by the late Canon 
Russell, who purchased it from its then possessors ; and by him it 
was generoflsly restored to the dean and chapter. 

The Shrine, or Pyx, as it is called, is seven inches long, three 
inches and three-eighths broad, and eight inches and a quarter high ; 
it is form.ed of oak, very thick and strong, covered with plates of 
copper, tastefully enamelled in different colours, and handsomely 
gilt. The sloping part, or roof, measures three inches in height ; 
the front panel five inches. The figures on the principal side tell 
the horrible tale of the assassination of Ethelbert. The assassins 
are cautiously advancing on tip-toe, and pointing to their victim, 
whilst one is in the act of striking off" his head ; and Ethelbert, 
surprised at his devotions, seems in the act of springing up to meet 
the hand, which from the cloud appears outstretched to receive him. 
It has been suggested, that this device might relate to some priest 
or bishop assassinated during the celebration of mass ; but as mass 
is not usually celebrated with the head covered, and as the cross 
on the table is a simple cross and not a crucifix (which last is 
generally used in public mass), it appears much more probable that 
the murder was committed during an act of private devotion ; and 
the dress and crown of the martyr rather denote a prince than either 
a priest or bishop. 

The design on the upper part or roof of the shrine, still has a 
relation to the martyrdom. We see there a sort of bier, on which is 
extended, what, we may suppose to be the body of the mari}T : two 
men are employed in raising it from the ground : it is surrounded 
by figures, probably intended to represent angels, two of whom are 
scattering incense ; and two others, standing behind the chair, seem 
to point to heaven. One of them bears a tablet with an inscription. 

The figures at each end of the shrine may, perhaps, represent St. 
Ethelbert after his beatification : at least, the glory over the head 
would lead one to this supposition, as none of the figures on the 
front, — the assassins, the murdered prince, or the bearers of the 
bier, — have anything of the sort. 

The colours of the enamel are three shades of blue, a gi-een, red, 
yellow, and white ; the figures are gilt ; those in front have their 
heads in relief 



154 HEREFORDIA. 

The back of the shrine is covered with a mosaic pattern of four 
pointed leaves, repeated within square compartments. The back 
panel opens downwards as a door, and fastens with a lock. On the 
inside is a plank of wood, on which is painted a red cross, the usual 
sign of a relic. This is much stained with a dark liquid, supposed 
to have been the bood of the martyr. 

A7'7ns of the City of Herefoi^d. — Gules, within a border azure, 
charged with ten saltires sable, three lions passant gardant in pale 
of the second. Supporters, two lions rampant proper. Crest, a lion 
passant gardant proper. Motto, " Invictae Fidelitatis Prsemium." 

Arms of the Bishopric, prior to the time of Cantilupe. — Gules, 
a bezant between three Saxon crowns, composed alternately of points 
and crosses, or, surmounted by a mitre, with fillets proper. 

The Castle Green and Cathedral. — The sketch represents this 
beautiful public walk, formerly a portion of the site of the old castle 
of Hereford ; with Lord Nelson's pillar, the Cathedral, and the Read- 
ing-Room. 

Anns of the Bishopric, assumed by Cantilupe, and now adopted. — 
Gules, three leopards' heads reversed (two and one) swallowing as 
many fleurs-de-lis, or. 

Hereford Cathedral, and Lady Chapel. — This is a north-eastern 
view of the Cathedral, including the Lady Chapel, built by Joanna 
De Bohun, in the twelfth century, and Bishop Booth's Porch, erected 
between the years 15 16 and 1535. The dimensions of the Cathe- 
dral are as follow : — Total exterior length, 344 ft. j interior, 325 ft. ; 
length of the nave, 130 ft. ; great transept, 147 ft. ; smaller transept, 
109 ft. j Lady Chapel, 93 ft. j breadth of nave and aisles, 74 ft.; 
nave, 38 ft. ; each aisle, 28 ft. ; Lady Chapel, 28 ft. ; Tower, interior, 
31ft.; exterior 43 ft.; height of nave and choir, 70 ft.; lantern, 
96 ft.; tower to battlements, 41ft.; and to apex of the pinnacles, 
166 ft. The length of the College cloisters is 109 ft. There are two 
portions also extant of the bishop's cloisters, namely, the eastern 
and southern, connecting the Cathedral with the garden of the 
bishop's palace. 

Arms of the Deanery. — Azure, five chevronels, or. 

Cross of the Black, or Preaching, Friars. — This order, totally dis- 
tinct from that of St. Guthlac, was originally established in 1276, 
under the auspices of William, Lord Cantilupe, brother of the bishop 



NOTES TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 155 

of that name. It was first located in Bye-street- without, but was 
afterwards removed to its present site, Widemarsh-gate-without, 
which was given to them by Sir John Daniel ; and here the buildings 
were commenced in the time of Edward II. More than twenty 
years afterwards, Edward III. enabled them to complete the un- 
finished portions ; and he was, with his son, the Black Prince, three 
archbishops, and a strong body of nobles and notables, present at 
the consecration. About midway between the remains of the 
monastery and the present hospital, stands the Black Eriars' Pulpit, 
or Preaching Cross, a beautiful and interesting, though decayed, 
remnant of the later decorated period, about 1350. It is a hexagon, 
open on each side, and surrounded by a flight of steps, gradually 
decreasing as they ascend. In the centre is a pillar of the same 
shape, with two trefoil arches on each side. The roof was embat- 
tled, and included a dome, surmounted by a stone crucifix. It is 
probable that this Cross was surrounded by cloisters, so as to afford 
a shelter to the congregation. 

Capitular Seal of the College of Vicars. — The original, from which 
the engraving is taken, is about 2 J inches long, and \\ wide, repre- 
senting the Virgin Mary, standing underneath a canopy, bearing in 
her right hand the holy child Jesus, and in her left hand an olive 
branch. On the upper portion is a shield, which shows, palewise, 
two chevrons composed of pellets. Legend — SIGILL. COLL. 
VICAR. ECCLES. HEREEORDIENSIS. The same design ap- 
pears to have been adopted as the' Seal of the dean and chapter of 
the cathedral ; and this is carved in bold relief over the entrance 
to St. Ethelbert's Hospital, situate in Castle-street, which is under 
the governance of the dean and chapter. 

The River Wye from the Prospect at Ross. — The view embraces 
a beautiful point of the river, immediately below the circular 
tower erected by the late Mr. Hooper, a gentleman greatly respected 
by the inhabitants of Ross, and one of the chief benefactors of the 
town. 

Bishop Jrelleclzs Crosier and Pope Clement's Bull. — These curious 
relics were discovered about fifty years since, in a rude wooden coffin, 
near the altar in the cathedral, about two feet eight inches below the 
marble flooring. The coffin contained also the vestige of a body, 
almost mouldering to dust, the back part of the skull being entire ; 
on its left side lay a lock of red hair. The crosier traversed the 
body from the right breast to the left foot. The leaden seal, or 



156 HEREFORDIA. 

" Pope's Ball," with the letters, CLEMENS P.P. VI. {i.e. Pope Cle- 
ment VI), was attached to it by a silken cord or skein, in perfect 
l^reservation. About four inches below the top of the crosier, lay a 
gold ring, with an amethyst stone near it. The stone has been 
replaced in the ring, which it perfectly fits. Some pieces of silken 
stuff were found amongst the dust, but so decayed that they could 
not be removed. The coffin, an oblong box, was seven feet long, 
and about two feet wide, composed of oak boards, rough, and about 
an inch thick, but so uneven as to vary half an inch. A lid had 
been laid over it, but no nail-holes could be observed. 

The leaden Bull was about two and a quarter inches in diameter ; 
and the vestige of the crosier is about nine inches long; its breadth 
across the crook, six inches ; and the diameter of the staff, one inch 
and a half. 

Bishop Trelleck died in 1360, so that these relics must have lain in 
his coffin for 450 years. 

A crosier will be remembered as the pastoral staff, or emblematic 
crook of a bishop. 

The origin of the term " Bull" has been disputed. Some derive 
it from " bulla," a seal ; and that from " bulla," a drop or bubble ; 
while others obtain it from a Greek word, signifying a council ; or 
from the Celtic " burl," or " bul," a bubble. 

Fosbrooke tells us, that the Papal Bull is a term taken from the 
seals, but not confined to deeds of popes. It is extended to those of 
emperors, princes, bishops, etc., who, till the thirteenth century, used 
seals of metal, which the popes continued with lead in common acts ; 
gold in more important ones. These seals varied in form till 
Urban 11. (about 1088), since which they have been much alike; 
viz., portraits of Paul and Peter, supported by a cross ; on the 
reverse, the Pope's name. After the two letters P.P., is the number, 
in Roman numerals, which distinguishes such Pope from his pre- 
decessors of the same name. 

Bulls of grace and favour had strings of red and yellow silk ; of 
punishment, hempen cords. The most ancient are written in Roman 
running-hand ; and in Lombardic, from the twelfth to the thirteenth 
century, though small Roman characters were occasionally used. 
A mixture of the two kinds, obtained so late as the fifteenth century. 
Du Cange says, " Briefs was the term a])plied to the Papal acts, sealed 
with wax ; Bulls to those with lead." 

These very valuable and curious relics were stolen from the 
Cathedral about twenty years since, where they were placed in the 



NOTES TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 157 

Lady Chapsl (then used as a library), and preserved in a glass-case- 
The dean and chapter now only possess a model of them. 

The White O'ozs. — In the road leading from Hereford to Hay, 
at the junction of another road leading to Burghill, and the battle- 
field of Mortimer's Cross, is an interesting architectural relic, the 
White Cross. It consists of an hexagonal flight of seven steps, each 
ten feet long at the base, and gradually decreasing with the ascent ; 
each step is eleven inches in breadth and. twelve in height. These 
are surmounted by a shaft six feet in height, also hexagonal. On 
the sides, which are two feet broad, exclusive of a pillar at each 
angle, are square jjanels, including pointed arches, which contain, on 
shields, a lion rampant, which were the arms of the Charlton family, 
who were formerly Earls of Powis. Above, is an embattled parapet 
with the moulding and base of a second division of the shaft, which 
is said to have been destroyed or buried, during the Civil Wars, 
by the Roundhead soldiery. The entire height of the Cross, which 
was restored in 1850, at the expense of the Right Hon. and Rev. 
Lord Saye and Sele (one of the Canons Residentiary of the cathe- 
dral), is fifteen feet. 

During the prevalence of the Black Death or Plague of 1347, 
which may be said to have been invited to Hereford by the open 
moat, narrow streets, and other deficient sanitary regulations of that 
period, no market-people could be found willing to enter the city. 
The markets were consequently held at this spot, then a piece of 
waste ground ; and on this occasion, all clothing and other articles 
belonging to the citizens, which were deemed infectious, were dipped 
in large tanks of vinegar. 

Some years afterwards. Bishop Lewis Charlton, whose monument 
in the Cathedral bears the same heraldic devices, erected the Cross, 
no doubt in commemoration of the plague, though monkish writers 
ascribe his motives to a different origin. It appears that St. Canti- 
lupe frequently walked to and from his favourite palace of Sugwas 
(situate about two miles and a half distance from the Cross), whence 
one day returning, and coming in sight of the cathedral at this point, 
he is reported to have heard the bells ring for some lime of their 
own accord, though it does not appear he ever mentioned the tune. 
As during the prelacy of Charlton (1361-6) the shrine of the sainted 
prelate was in the zenith of its power, this tale would doubtless 
enhance the interest of the Cross in the eyes of the pilgrims. 

Ancient Equcsir'um Statuette. — This curious relic is supposed to be 



158 HEREFORDIA. 

about 500 years old, and conjectured about that time to have be- 
come the property of the College of the Vicars Choral, at Hereford, in 
whose possession it has ever since remained. From the costume of 
the armour, it appears to be about the time of our Henry HI. It 
is formed of brass, and stands about twenty inches high, and is 
nearly twelve pounds in weight. The knight has evidently the 
crusader's flat helmet, with the ornamental cross forming the sight- 
piece ; hauberk of scale-mail, and chausses of chain-mail. The 
shield on his left arm is wanting ; the sword, in the right hand, is 
extremely broad, and without the cross -guard. The horse is orna- 
mented with trappings and breast-band, which has apparently had 
bells attached to it; on the forehead of the horse is a projecting 
tube, and the top of the helmet is open, and formerly had a crown. 
The whole of the horse and man is holLw ; and whether they have 
been intended for use as a lamp, or for the purpose of holding hot 
water (query, a tea-kettle), the learned are much in doubt. 

Goodrich Castle and Goodrich Court. — A pretty bend of the river 
Wye, affords a glimpse of the.old Castle looking down on Goodrich 
Court, erected about thirty years since by the late learned antiquary 
and armourist. Sir Samuel Rush Meyrick, Knight. Tliis gentleman 
was commissioned by his late majesty King George IV. to arrange 
the armoury at the Tower, and at Windsor Castle. 

The Town Hall, JBntchers' Hall, and St. Peter's Church. — The 
engraving represents the Old Town Hall, now standing in the High 
Town, Hereford, but which it is proposed shall be removed, and be 
replaced by a clock-tower. The Town Hall was creeled by John 
Abel, carpenter to King James I., who also built the Town Halls of 
Leominster and Ross. 

The Butchers' Hall, a fine old house in the Elizabethan style (and 
the last of the houses forming the late Butchers' Row), was erected 
in 162 1, and stands at a distance of about thirty yards eastward of 
the Town Hall. 

Saint Peter's Church, of which the spire is only seen in the 
engraving, is situate at the head of Saint Owen's-street, to which it 
is a considerable ornament. 

Before the removal of old St Nicholas' church, from the j^oint of 
junction between King-street and Bridge-street, the situation of the 
churches was such as to present one at the head of each of the 
leading streets of the city. 

Tifiterfi Abbey and the Jlje. — The remains of this beautifid eccle- 




LUDLOW CASTLE. 



' Close-biiilt and nestling on the church-crowu'd hill. 
Fair Ludlow stands with antique gables still, 
But not disturb'd by sounds like those of yore, 
When her stout walls Montgomerj-'s banner bore, 
Tlie founder of the fortress ; by whose fame 
'Palace of Princes,' dates its fitting name." 

Herefordi; 



Canto IV, 



■H 



NOTES TO ILLUSTRATIONS. 



^59 



siastical structure, stand on the edge of the river, on its southern 
bank, about five miles from Chepstow. 

Arms of the Author. — Quarterly, ist, sable ; a dolphin embowed, 
vorant a fish proper ; a mullet, for a difference in chief argent. 2nd, 
gules ; three Lucies (pike fish) hauriant and erect argent (two and 
one). 3rd, gules ; a chevron, or, between three arrows, barbed and 
shafted argent. 4th, gules; three gauntlets erect argent (two and 
one). Impaling. Quarterly, ist and 4th argent, a fess between three 
fleurs-de-lis sable ; 2nd and 3rd ; argent, on a bend gules between 
three pellets, as many swans proper. Crest, a dolphin embowed, 
vorant a fish proper. Motto, " Decrevir 

Ltidlow Castle. — The ruins of the splendid old fortress are here 
given as seen from the Herefordshire side of the river Teame. 
Ludlow Castle, strictly speaking, is not locally situate in the county, 
but it is included in the diocese of Hereford ; a portion of the 
borough of Ludlow, however, is in Herefordshire. 



THE END. 




ERRATA. 



Page 22, line 6, for For fabric raised by Wilfred, read For fabric raised by Milfred. 

„ 27, „ 3, for Wilfred's work, that by Athelstane begun, rmd Milfred's work, that by 

Athelstane begun. 
,, 49, „ 17, /or High o'er the streanr old Goodrich lifts its head, read High o'er the 

stream, see, Goodrich lifts its head. 
„ 73, „ 19, /or Ethelfleda; the routed Danes were slain read Ethelfleda, the routed 

Danes were slain ; 
„ 75, ,, 12, for At Hereford, King Edward deposed read At Hereford, King Edward 

was deposed. 
„ 84, „ 17, /or Dr. Clarke Whitfield, read Dr. Clarke Whitfeld. 
,, 88, „ 12, for Of Kelpeck Church and Castle take a view, read Of Kilpeck Church and 

Castle take a view. 
„ 95, „ 22, for Th' impassion'd tones of Whitfield's solemn strain, read Th' impassion'd 

tones of Whitfeld's solemn strain. 



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INSCRIPTION FOR A DRiNKINa FOUNTAIN. 
I. 

Kind Nature plants soft chords in every hearfc : 

S3 fragrant flowers are pleasing to each eye ; 
In taese both rich and poor have equal part, 

E.ijoy thur odours, and her harmony 
S ■) tae full stream of Holy Love from High 

Djth sate the yearning of each anxious breast ; 
Njaa lack the gifb who seek it faithfully 

Fi-om Him who offers perfect joy and rest. 

2. 

H ^-v g-ateful then doth prove this fountain clear, 

Rifreshing travellers on their weary way ; 
Wiea q i iffed from heated hand or goblet rare, 

It d )tti the parching thirst of each allay. 
Tne sw33ts of nature never pall the taste, 

So, virtue leaves a sense of peace behind ; 
Ths draught here ta'en ne'er works a moral waste, 

lb favours health, — invigorates the mind. 

Midi:e Temple. ALPHA. 



THOUGHTS ON EA.STER. 
1. 

Oh ! long desired was that auspicious hour, 

When rose the Eastern Star with lustrous power. 

Discovering where the holy child was born. 

Whom angels' songs proclaimed at early morn. ' ] 

2. 
In stature growing, soon with comely grace, 
Grlory ineffable illumed His face ; 
All-wise in words, Divine in act and thought. 
Repentance, piety, and truth He taught. 

3. 
" It is finished." That agonizing word. 
So faintly uttered by our sinless Lord, 
Announced, " the lamb-like sacrifice was done, — 
Marvel of marvels, Man's redemption won." 
4. 

Mocked, pierced, and scourged, Christ passed through 
pangs of death, 

Yielding His state. His Godhead, and His breath ; 

But risen now to His resplendent seat, 

Where praise; and homage countless tongues repeat ; 

" Immanuel,'' he reigns for ever there, 

A crown of crowns in majesty to wear ! 
5. 

Shall wo then fail (yet earthward prone to cling !) 

To seek our Master, Saviour, and King, 

To share with saints around his throne above. 

The joy and riches of his peerless love. 

Middle Temple. ALPHA. 



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"1H E E E F R D I A, 

By J. H. JAMES, E.G. & U.S. 

Middle Twiple. 
'A PoEsi intended to celebrate the beauties, and record the fame of the worthies of 
Herefordshire. In snch u composition tie two main ingredients to be looked for, are accuracy 
of description and faithfulness in details. With these requisites Mr, James has strictly 
complied. He has written pretty verses, he has illustrated his volume with well-executed 
engravings, and he has enriched it with valuable historical notes. If lie is proud of Hereford- 
shire, the people of Herefordshire ought in return to be proud, that among the natives of the 
county is one so accomplished as a verse-writer, and so diligent both as a genealogist and 
antiquarian. 

"AYe have but one regret to express upon a perusal of this volume, and that is the scant 
notice*given of St. Ethel&ert, a picture of whose shrine forms the fitting froniispiece to the 
book. The life of St. Ethelbert, King of the East Angles, is a thrilling romance of the dark 
ages. If Mr. James had coiisulted the pages of the old monastic writers— if he had looked 
to the 'Decern Scriptores,' ' William of Mahnsbury,' and 'Matthew of Paris,' he would have 
discovered tliere, and already prepared to liis hand, one of tlie most tragic tales that ever yet 
has been told by troubadour or sung by bard. We behold there combined tos;ether, as in an 
ancient tragic drama, the ambition of Offa, the perfidy of Quendreda, the noble generosity of 
Ethelbert, the love and grief of Elfrida— of her who was afcerwards a recuse of Croyland, — 
and with these the doom and death of Quendrecia, and the vengeance of Heaven pursuing the 
ambitious Oifa in his grave. Here was a subject, not for a little ballad such as ilr. James has 
written, but a theme worthy of an epic poem ; and it has been lost, not because a poet was 
wanting, but because the fitting diligence of a pains-taking antiquarian investigator had not 
been exercised ! 

" ' Heretordia ' is -a beautiful volume, and from the manner in which it is printed and 
illustrated, independent of its intrinsic merits both in prose and poetry, peculiarly fitted for 
the drawing-room."— Zow(7o?i Review. 

HEREFORD: WILLIAM PHILLIPS, HIGH TOWX. 



.^ STANZAS 

(Suggested by the fountain in Garden-court, Temple) 
Whilst drinking- deep Castalia's cliarnied stream, 

The flowers of Poesy like magic spring ; 
Each glimpse, each thoug;ht (a faintly pictured dream). 
Delightful objects to the fancy bring. 

Now gazing on the crystal fount below, 

Cool perfumed zephyrs kiss mv flushing cheek j 
As youthful maiden's silken ring'lets glow, 

Prismatic rays upon my vision break. 
And warm with life, upon the leafy stem. 

The feathered songster pours its triUing note, 
Enamoured with the soft, transplendent gem, 

Rare melodies escape its bursting throat. 
Though close at hand the busy burghers press, 

Eager to grasp the much regarded coin, 
Peace here presides in all her gentleness. 

Philosophy and Learning (sisters) join. 

With modest earnings, health, and friendships blest, 
So, let me labour through the lengthened day, 

That night, approaching with refreshing rest. 
Fatigue and anxious care may fly away. 

Middle Temple, 1st March, 1867. ^^^^'^" 



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THE GASTLE AND OHUBCH OF KH^PECK. 



Unlike yon desolate and barren mound, 

Where once, with ponderous gate and drawbridge high, 

The frowning towers of Kilpeck's lords arose. 

The antique church yet smiles in grace and form. 

Thus finite things, the pomp and circumstance 

Of human grandeur fail ; the race and reign 

Of Princes, Kings, and Emperors decline ; 

Their strongholds droop, and levelled with the dust, 

AH vestige of their vanished power is gone. 

Not so, the altar to the Great, All- Wise 

Creator, King and Father of mankind. 

Which still survives ; for pious hands sustain, 

Perpetuate, and beautify the courts, 

Where God vouchsafes His presence ; and receives 

The worship of our meek and grateful hearts. 

2. 

Now to the sacred fane of Norman mould. 

The faithful flock each Sabbath morn to pray ; 

There to admire the circling arch, the frieze 

Enriched with quaint and curious device. 

The turret, too, with tuneful bell doth mark 

The course of time, and solemnly proclaims 

The flight of ransomed souls from Farth to Heaven, 

There, gathered in their last and quiet homes. 

The children of the hamlet sleep in graves. 

O'er which the cheerful sun with splendour shines. 

And warbling birds salute each new-born day. 

Middle Temple. ALPHA. 



DORE ABBEY CHURCH. 




Far from the road, in Sylvan vale secure. 
With swelling hills and fertile fields begirt, 
The ancient Abbey holds its peaceful place. 
Though sadly shorn of its proportions fair, 
Beauty yet stamps the consecrated pile ; 
The lengibened nave, on tapering columns reared. 
With vaulted aisles, is vanished from our sight. 
Still the tall tower, with glittering fane adorned, 
O'er the broad transept keeps a solemn watch, 
And faultless, stretching tow'rds the smiling East, 
The chancel yet unblemished strikes our view. 

2. 

No move a train of white-robed monks appear, 

No mitered Abbot on his stately throne, 

Nor humble servitor in cloistered cell ; 

Yet undisturbed by sacrilegious hand, 

The hallowed purpose o? the church survives ; 

To pure and simple ordinances given, 

Both prayer and praise, alternate, rise to heaven.r 

?. 

Preserved and prized through all the shocks of time 
(Seven centuries recount their former years). 
Thy courts attest (where, turbulent and rude 
The strong man l©ng had lorded o'er the soil), 
A zeal for holy things, exceeded not 
By those who rule in more enlightened days, 

4. 
Temple of God, sweet shrine of faith and truth, 

n altar raised to Christ's unequalled love, 
»,le3t by the presence of the Eternal One, 
Warned 1^ the music of thy tuneful bells, ^^ • 
In greater numbers may each Sabbath find 
The old and young, the rich and poor employed 
In pious homage to Jehovah's Name. 

Middle Temple. ALPHA. 






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IN MEMORIAM. 

The Very Reverend Richard Dawes, M.A., 

Dean of Hereford, 

Died March 10th, 1867, aged 71. 

I. 

All softly breathing through declining years, 

Whilst silvery locks adorned his placid face ; 
A quiet traveller in the vale of tears. 

Our pastor, guide, and friend hath run his race. 
He, mortal, born to struggle and subdue, 

Infirmity and care have marked his lot ; 
Yet strong in purpose, diligent and true. 
To God and man his duty ne'er forgot. 



E'er swayed by kindness, charity, and love. 

His rule was gentle and his teaching wise ; 
Steadfast in faith, he sought his rest above, 

Where bliss awaits him in the fadeless skies. 
Aye, he is gone ! Now o'er his vacant seat 

The sable plumes our lasting loss declare. 
And muffled peals these solemn words repeat,— 

" J jabour like him ; for death and heaven prepare. 

J. H. JAMES. 
Middle Temple, 20th March, 1867. 



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THE FORESTER'S SONG. 

A JUBILEE CHANT. 
1. 

Foresters all, set work aside, 

Put on your festal gear ; 
For spring and merry Eastertide 

Ne'er meet but once a year. 
The sun doth kiss the cheek of May, 

And hawthorn clothes her bowers; 
Haste to the hills and dales away, 
All decked in smiles and flowers. 

2. 
Come with the sash, the horn, and star, 

Badges of Forestry ; 
The sylvan glades shall sound afar 

With stirring melody ; 
Gather j'e old, and young, and all, 

Where health attends the breeze ; 
Let thousands join our festival 

Under the green wood trees. 
3. 
Come, come with faces blithe and gay, 

Let sorrow be unknown ; 
Nor want, nor pain shall cloud the day 

Which love hath made our own. 
The sick we'll cheer with ready hand, 

Mourners shall happy be ; 
And joy unmixed shall crown our band, 

The band of Forestry. 
4. 
Pluck ye the lilac pale and sweet. 

But let the daisy be ; 
Dance o'er the lawn with nimble feet. 

For it is our iubilee. 
Foresters all, set work aside. 

Put on your festal gear, 
For spring and merry Eastertide 

Ne'er meet but once a year, 

ROBIN HOOD. 

Elm Court, Temple, May Day. 




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THE DERBY RACE DAY. 
(May 22nd, 1867.) 
Inaugwated hy ripe cherries, hail, and snow-siormSt 
Bright beauty, fresh with glow of Spring", 

Appears with cherries in her cheek ; 
Stem Winter sunshine envying, 
Returns with blasts and snow-storms bleak. 

'Tis sad, ill-nature thus should blight 

The milder seasons of the year. 
Sincere, with frowns, can ne'er affright 
The smiles which /outh and May-day wear. 
In passing through Farringdon market at half-past two 
o'clock this afternoon during a sharp snow-storm, I was 
agreeably surprised with the sight of a large basket of 
ripe cherries. 



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MY FIFTY-FOURTH BIRTHDAY, 

Another Year I What doth its record tell ? 

What mercies unperceived and gone ? 
How many sorrows now the volume swell ? 

What countless duties, slighted and undone ? 
The Past, how brief, yet grievous proved its care ; 

And overwhelminar, were it not that He, 
Who knew the ?11, did hope and courage bear, 

The burthen robbed of its intensity ! 
2. 
Then shall we tarry in this earthly sphere, 

Where Nature shews both frailty and decay ; 
Can I dream on, unscathed by harm and fear, 

Whose pleasures vanish with the short-lived day I 
Inane, unsating, is our highest prize. 

If it but savour of mere time and sense, 
Uncertain are our cherished home and ties. 

If God and Christ vouchsafe not the^r defence. 

Middle Temple, May 22nd, 1867. ALPHA. 














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IN HEMOHIAM. 

Mrs, Jane Jones, wife of the Reverend Albert JoruSt ^-4.> 

died 7th May, 1867, aged 64 years. 

Can it be so ? And doth the spark of life, 

Like dazzling meteor quickly pass away ! 
With hidden danger is our being rife, 

Ever the fading creature of a day '( 
So lately smiling, and by hope upborne, 

To share the joys of friendship, love, and home. 
From fond relations so abruptly torn, 

Thou sleepest now, a tenant of the tomb I 
2. 
How shall we realise the treasure gone ? 

An untrue tale doth it not rather seem ; 
Are life and death, the dear and absent one, 

But fleeting phantoms of a mystic dream ? 
* Twere wild to challenge God's supreme decree. 

Which hath our hearts, our choicest idol riven. 
To blame the voice that softly summoned thee, 

To quit dull earth, and shape thy course to hearen. 
3. 
Yet not despairing, we would fain be free. 

Nor sadly hence thy exit now deplore. 
With thee in bliss, each anxious soon to be, 

Where thou, in Mercy, are but called before. 
And stricken sorely, oyerwhelmed by wo. 

Thy kindred lose thy precious lore and care : 
Bereaved, beneath th' Almighty's hand they bow. 

Warned by thy end, for ours all must prepare. 

J. H. JAMES. 

Middle Temple, 13th May, 1867. 



OUR CIVIC MOTTO. 
Invict/B Fidelitatis Pramiicm. 
Courage doth nerve the warrior to fight 
For kindred, country, liberty, and right. 
When danger hovers, prudeuce prompts the way 
To shun the perils of a deadly fray. 
But true to honour, loyalty, and love, 
Fidelity the surest stay doth prove ; 
Nor might, nor threat with duty interferes. 
No selfish thought, no jealousy appears. 
\ friend smcere performs the ooblest deeds. 
Success e'er smiles, where his example leads ; 
The ifood achieved, no recompense he seeks, 
Save" but the thanks a greatful heart bespeaks. 
His r.ame revered, his virtues often told, 
Are themes delightful to the young and old. 



S ertJ'.l, 'hioi^AleUtatis Pr<.,niu,n:\ The bonier s.lt.res. 
Jul ^ .otto were Krante,l by Charles U. u. .uUlition U> a new 
XU- f>y the jriU.mt defence, by Sir Barnabas Scuda- 
„o e ot tl e eiiy 'knd castle of Hereford, agamst the ScoU-h 
utider the Earl of Leven. This event was the last I»ece of 
?n. cess "ained by the Royalists. It has not been stilted m the 
iHteXtorU-s what were the civio arnis prior to the tune of the 
FlantHKenet dynasty. Probably they wore the sainea.sthoHe 
; saS bv the bishops previous to the tin.e of C.atduiH: 
n.maly : Gnles. a bezintbelw.n.n three Saxon crowns, eo.npiH.-,! 
I.'emLlv <>;• P«»ints and ci-osses. Would some of the eoi- 
ve/spondents of the Joumal, connected with^the corp.>rRt.nn. be 
kind enonsh to inform me upon llus "':it'cr^ 



HEKEFOKDIKNSIS. 



Middle Temple, 20 May, 1867 



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THE BE-KNIGHTED CITIZEN 

1. 
The Lord Mayor is a baronefc, 

An honour right to claim ; 
The Sheriffs twain, with chains beset, 
Add knighthood to their fame. 
2. 
Poor Rose, by cniel Whiglings 

Still lives a happy wight ; 
He, too, though tardily, is 
A brave and gallant knight. 

3 . 

And Bodkin, '^MMMn, good as he, 

The royal favours share. 
Promoted to the like degree, 
A full-faced helmet wear. 



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Of dignity ne'er may they tire, 

Five worthies of the town, 
Whilst great Earl Derby (Stanley's sire), 

Protects the Queen and Crown. 



Note.— The Lord Mayor Gabriel has been promoted to 

a baronetcy; and the sherififs (Mr. Alderman Water low 

and Mr. Lycett) have been made knights ; and Alderman 

Rose, who was passed over at the close of his mayoralty 

by Lord Palnierston, now receives a similar honour. Mr. 

I » W. EI. fied^n, assistant judge at the Middlesex Sessions, 

A/LyT^*0**^*'*-'y^. and MhlUHMMM^flAP., have also shared the royal favours. 

• /^*/ 1 A. knight is, 'by heraldic usance, entitled to wear a full- 

fit/t^lUv*^* faced helmet. NON EQUES, 

' I Temple, 2nd August, 1867. 



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AUTUMNAL LEAVES FROM SOMERSET. 

STANZAS : 

\,^WiggvSAi hy the Scenery pom St. Vinc^nCx Ho'l.s ( l.fo,!,, 
near Bristol.] 

SftVO, that Jehovah, by His high command, 

Bad© Nature firsi; the solid granita hew ; 
Or that an Earthquake huge, with iron hand, 

Cleft the grey stone, and forced a channel throii-^b,— 
How could the silent Avon make her way. 

Like g'!i'er serpent, thread the deep defile, 
Where bpai^kling prisms reflect the Solar ray, 

And rock on rock in wondrous strata pile ? 

2. 

Magnificently grand, from dizzy height, 

Glancing along the am be- -tinted trees, 
It is to tvace the s'-ream defined and bright, 

Now smooch as glass, ihea c.-isped with rippling breeze I 
Dappled and bh^e, with he'-e a id there a cloud, 

The sky is mi.Tored on the iver's breast, 
And sinking slowly in its moul'cen shroud, 

The Sun doth vanish in t le glowing West. 



Swift as the flight of birds in mornin-^- air, 

Or slow and swan-like o'er its )im )id wive, 
The buoyant cr<-.ft their living bni-i;heas beir, 

Seeking the rest which M' id and Bo ly crave ; 
Nor woo thev he Ith in vain, whilst j.)cund Spring 

And Summer-smishine with their smiles appear ; 
Whilst Au oumn doth its golden riches brmg 

To crown the portais of the dyiag Year. 

" - 4. 

Here Nature shapes her course in rare outline. 

Where Hill and Valley form a matchless view, 
Whei-e Sky and Water, Shadow soft combine, 

To deck the scene with'fresh, luxarirat hue. 
Nor JAcks it Music's ever pleasing sirains. 

Where lark and linnet s-ng the long day through. 
And Philomel, by night doth charm the plains, 

With warblings chastest, thrilling, sweet and new. 

/?^<:- 5. 

Hata^ mark, how Art with Nature dares to vie, 

And Science scorns the ma^aitude of space. 
In ?.ir suspended (p inful to the eye !), 

O'er the broad chasm slim arches hold their place. 
From shore to shore see, curving chains appe-ir. 

Not touched by waves, nnscfthed by storm and wind ; 
Where travellers, free from accident and fear, 

A ready path, from hour to hour, now fiur'. 

Temple, 27th August, 1867. ALPHA- 



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86 NA^^ONAt. ymJbi 



THE LOST BARON. 

'Twixt Queen and Lords we're doomed to hear 

A most uncivil strife ; 
Both stickling for a living peer. 

But not a pper for life. 

Lord Campbell deemed the ptatent queer, 

Of Baron Wensleydale, -w 
Which, though he has no " son and heir," 

Shall in remainder fail — 

To make a Lord of child unborn. 

Or, male kin more remote, — 
Who might the E-oll of Peers adorn, 
/' * With name and blood of note ! 

St. Leonards, too, upon his word^ — 
/ 'Gainst which none dare dissent, ^ 
Declared that Parke, altho' a Lord, 
Is not of Parliament. 

So 'twixt the two, the BARONWlost 
A Judge's snug retreat ; 
V^ But has a title at the cost — 

Of Salary and Seat ! 



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TSEl FLEETING YEAR. 
•* Eheu ! fugaces, Postume, Postome, 
Labuatur Anni." — Horace. 
ttow swift is time, whilst o'er its silent way, 

Nor storm, nor tempest stems its ceaseless flow ; 
And circling years exhaust both night and day, 
Into the past their memories softly go. 

With smiling mien, young Spring hath come — is gone, 
Painting the mead with rainbow-tinted flowers ; 

Bright Summer warm, with ruddy beam hath shone, 
Protracting eve with twilight's charming hours. 

Next, golden Autumn crowned with fruit and com, 
Outpouring ruby wine in glistening streams. 

To human hearts a fount of joy hath borne, 
Promoting rest and pleasurable dreams. 

Stern Winter, too, with icy palm and breath, 
Holds in his clutch the bosom of the earth, 

His harvest gathers, rich in tears and death. 
And these to melancholy thought gives birth. 

But welcome Christmas with his grateful cheer 
(Kind minister of mirth with laughing eye), 

Essays to hide the closing of the year, 
Bids gloom and sorrow from his presence fly. 

Brief are the seasons, and how much of pain 

A few short months inflict upon the heart, 
Since friends and kindred may not here remain, 

But one by one from busy life depart. 
Who may be next to swell the funeral train ? 

Jehovah only can in truth declare ; 
He warns each soul with solemn words and plain,— 

'• Put off earth's coil, for heaven's delights prepare." 

J. H. JAMES. 
Middle Temple, 22 ud December, 1866. 



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A SONNET. 

Hail Cambria ! Thee, Nature, grand and wild, 
Superbly clothes, excelling rule and art ; 

Faery-land, ocean-girt, and mountain pil'd, 
Where terrors strange huge cataracts impart .' 
Thy ancient prowess 5'et makes glad the heart ; 

Thy bardic glories in the memory throng; 

In visions fresh thy martyr'd spirits start ; 

Birth-place of Music, Loyalty, and Soner, 

The strains of David's harp thy minstrelsy prolong. 

Who traces now thy fertile plain and hill, 

The smiling hamlet studded here and there, 
Surveys the flocks which feed beside the rill, 

Can but enjoy thy sweet, contented air ; 

Recalling days, when wasted, lone, and bare, 
Castle and cot succumbed to foenian's rage, 

He must the bright and peaceful change prefer, 
Nor wish renewed the dark and cruel age, 
When with thy sons and soil stern havoc did engage ! 

Thy shores, dear Wales, no longer teem with war, 

The plough succeeds the devastating sword. 
The pruning-hook supplants the death-winged spear. 

Rich golden sheaves the bread of life afford ; 

So verified hath been the prophets' woi-d, 
Victoria fills Old England's peerless throne. 

Of whom true love and praise are ever heard ; 
Thou, too, doth prize thy Prince, her first-born son, 
And him with pride thy faithful people look upon ! 



I 



fit Bmoxinm. 

THO\fAS PR[CE, ESQ., LL.D.. 

The ^Irhnl^rfu ™°^^^* ^'^^ serene, ' 
And wh^ th!*'''*^ p"'^ soberness he 'wore i 

So nrnr; Ji ? ^."5°^ *"a^ c'-ossed our way. 
SootMn^f^'^ '^"' ^'" ^"'■^ ^»d valued aid; 

Rv^n5*^^^":^r "^ *^« troublous day 

By love and kindness quick deliveranTiade. 

Gentle yet firm, he sought the purest end 
P.i^fk guide and pastof of his ?elIow-men • 

Oh ZV"^' ^f^r^^^ ^'^"^^^^ and alTen'd 
Oh ! where shall we descry his like Lain ? ' 

VvXiir;^^ii' NAundisCyed bVS 
And htn T "* anH eloquent, his words were few • 
And btendmg wisdom with the irrace of vl!! ' 

H.S earthly oo„r«, he usefull/^^r/ /hSh. 
M.ddle Temple. ^^,^j^g_ 



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Some thirty years have smoothly passed awav 
As many springs have worn their bright array! 
As many golden autumns ceased to glow 
Ax many winters robed the fields in snow. 
Since m my youth I saw thee, beauteous Wales, 
And gambol'd o'er thy pleasant hiUs and vales. 
Enticed by summer's balmy air and sky. 
Tired of the world, its cares, and apathy. 
Once more I breathe in Cambria.-where to be 
Is paradue of life and ecstacy 1 
?Sr^!°.?I°'* *''? strivings of mankind; 
Ihe greed for wealth, collision of the mind. , 

I roam at liberty, as if no bound 
Constramed the earth and elements around'. 
At morn I climb the mountain's dizzy height. 
There gazmg watch the skylark's rapid flight ; 
Boarmg through clouds, entranced I contemplate 
The warbhng songster close at heaven's high gate i 
Thence, crimsoned with the sun'j exciting glow 
I look upon the moving mass below, ' 

Not in cold hate, such feeds the coward's breath-. 
Suggesting deeds of vengeance, guilt, and death, 
iJut kind forbearance, charity, and love. 
The constant attributes of God above. 
Screened from the stroke of noontide's fiercer foat,- 
The verdant plains afford a safe retreat ; 
Ensconced in shade of over-arching trees, 
Where babbling rivulets and whisp'ring breeze 
TeU their soft tale, I read through nature's book, 
And through her to the great Creator look ; 
Him ever bless'd, yet praise and prayer can reaohl 
The meed of thanks, which gratitude should teach' :' 
Praise for the goodness now vouchsafed to me. 
Prayer that His mercies may continued be 1 
As twilight o'er the fading landscape steals, , 
Wafting the dew, which coming night reveals',- 
My footsteps wander to the pebbly shore. 
Where the green waves their ceaseless waters poUt';- 
Bearing unseen upon their dappled crest 
The countless treasures of old Ocean's breast 
Drear grows the scene, and hollow is the sound, 
Which moaning comes athwart the wave profoundl 
A sense of terror, dim, and undefin'd, 
Chills the warm blood, and agitates the mind ; 
Till the broad moon attracts the straining sight. 
Gilding the clouds with slow, increasing light,— 
Climba tTie blue vault, and o'er the ruffled main 
Draws the bright stars in her resistless train 1 
* Tia then the spirit gains its proper tone. 
Though tranquil, yet it ne'er can be alone ; 
God,-who hathfashioned earth, and sea, andland,- 
Sustaining worlds in His Almighty hand 
Is e'er present, and by His Son hath given 
To every soul eternal bliss in Heaven. 
Soft as the sky in rosy month of May, 
Quiet as ocean with its sunny spray, 
, Peaceful as forests in the summer wind. 
So Cambria prospers with a placid mind, 
Thrifty and clean her children Bear their way,- 
Palns-taking, happy through the livelong day, 
Nor strife, nor havoc scares the fertile land, 
Such once prevailed, when Rome with iron hand' 
Essayed her arms in Briton's blood t' embrue, 
T ' enslave thy people and thy soil subdue. 
If wildness reigns, ' tis in Creation's face. 
Where Nature lives in grander forms to trace' 
The pow'r of Him, who can in thunders peal. 
His boundless will and majesty reveal ; 
Yet condescends the lowly flowers to rear, 
Master-piece of work, subject of his care. 
Gently as an infant, with unshod feet, 
Treads the soft glebe and tends the daisy sweeti 
So God as father o'er the world presides 
Guarding with love whate'er His hand provides. 
Cambria I famous is thy land ; in story. 
With deeds and names thou fill'st the roll of glory;' 
Princes and bards, great warriors, and those 
■Who in science, and learning's page disclose 
Triumphs of thought, and on the heart unheard 
Pour the bright truths of revelation's word. 
Where, too; are they ; dull both of soul an-i tongue;- 
Who, lisf ning to thy dulcet harp and song. 
Can fail to catch the fervour of the strain, 
But, listening, try to utter it again 1 
Cambria ! Thou hast lasting charms for m6 ; 
Thy daughters chaste in maiden purity. 
Thy sons, too, cheerful, temperate, and kind 
(The social virtues happily combin'd). 
Of the world's burthens take their proper part, 
Religion ruling both the head and heart ; 
Each for the other generously lives, 
Sharing the bread a bounteous Maker gives ; 
Ne'er slighting any, not the low and poor. 
Or stranger wearied at their open door I 
Cambria ! Bright gom in Albion's crown. 
Thy prince and monarch claim thee as their own ! 
O'er mountain, valley, and the trackless sea, 
■Victoria knows thy love and loyalty ; 
In peace or war, a faithful friend, and tried. 
With English. Scotch, and Irish, side by aide. 
The gallant Welshman fears no foreign power. 
But glories in the fight, enjoys the ho 
Hoome it must, to join the common i 



Protect his sovereign, country, home, and laws ! , /fjC^y 

And all alike would grace the scroll of fame, 1/lC^.Jit. a t^^ 

Where Nelson, "'-"^'- Picton, Camnhell. claim ' ' ' ^ ' "-^^^ 
A lasting tribute toflfeir deeds anc 

Siddle Temple, 15th January, 1867. 




^r u s I c 

(A Souvenir of the Hereford Festival, 1867.) 

1. 
Wherefore bath Music soothing' tonetj, 

Entrancing to the Mind and Ear ? 
Speaketh it not of lost loved ones, 

To Heart and Memory ever dear! 
Yes ! It renews a pleasing strain, 

By gentle lips long since exprest ; 
Restores fond wishes, (but in vain, 

Lite buried deep within the breast). 
2. 
Music recalls the solemn time 

When souls delight in prayer and praise, 
And mingling tongues, in song sublime, 

Proclaim Jehovah's peerless ways. 
Hark I Music prompts the .noaning Wind, 

Whispering through yon bending tree, 
Whose scattered leaves and blossoms find 

Light wings to waft theno o'er the lea. 



Soft Music steals .across the Sea, 

As white waves strike the pebbly shore, 
Discoursing wondrous things to be, 

When Earth and Ocean are no more ! 
Wbtu Spring and Flora grace thtj plain. 

Announced by tuneful melody. 
Fair Nature smiles, and Care and Pain 

Succumb to powers of Harmony. 
4. 
Wherefore doth Music captivate 

The hearts alike of Rich and Poor ? 
Doth it not courage stimulate. 

Make pleasure innocent and pure ? 
So, Music, breathe thy charming tone, 

The welcome Hymn of Peace and Lot», 
That I, in rapture, when alone 

May have foretaste of Joy above. 
5. 
Now Heavenward led by sweetest straia 

Charity claims our sympathy, 
The faithful in yon sacred fane 

Their highest pledges ratify. 
To ease the Widow's sad distress, 

To staunch the Orphan's bitter tear, 
Are deeds which God doth deign to bless 

To Christ, our Master, bring us near ! 

^iT. n. jAMBa. 

, Ttmpla, Ifith Angnst, 1Rfi7. ^ 



MMA. 



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EECOLLECTIONS OF WALES. 
THE BLACKBERRY HUNTERS. 

Half clothed, yet happy, without sock or shoa, 
In troops the children berry-hunting go, 
With bonny face, and blithe, contented mind, 
All eager try the luscious fruit to find. 

In leafy lanes, where lofty hedges hide 

The sun's fierce ray, and on the green hill-side. 

The motley groups of every size and age, 

In the sweet task both handc and eye engage. 

Clam'rous and quick the rosy striplings toil 
To beat the bushes, and secure the spoil. 
Nor fails the search, nor satisfied the will, 
E'er bonnet, hat, and basket well they fill. 

Close with the crowd, and party to the work. 
The brindled curs in quiet thicket lurk ; 
To win his share young Pug will e'en propose, 
Till thorn and briar incommode his nose. 

Thro' Cambrian vales the peasant maiden moves, 
"With wild flowers decked in fashion nature loves ; 
When day declines, her footsteps backward roam. 
With smiles she bears the blushing berries home. 

Middle Temple. J. H. JAMES. 



THE NSW YEAR. 
Slowly and dall, through winter's day, 
The..sun pursues his heavenly way ; 
And now and then, with feeble beam, 
Salafces the hill, the vale, and stream. 
Mot \\r\% is gone, and noon-tide hour 
Hath smiled, but with diminished power, 
Whil<-t eve appears with waning light, 
Sinks in the lap of sombre night. . 
The dawn, which next doth rouse the earth," 
Win 1 eet thei New Year's happy birth ; 
All-cbee,ail I aaits-a countless throng. 
The ft ther'd warblers' charming song. 
With music sott— a brighter ra/ 
1 W' 1 cele'br te its natal day. 

Swest Hope, arrayed in starry flowers, 
Fa'r spring's delights, warm summer hours, 
R'ch autumn's fruit, its golden com, 
Will yield us p'enty every morn ; 
And if we pray to God above, 
( Who sends us peace, and jiy, and lor©, 

, The passing season^:— oacb now yealr 

; Bring Cliiist aad oar salvatior*iiear. 

;; . J. H. JAMES: 

' MiS-^e Temple; 25^1) Dc<>c mbcr, IS'^0. 




/ 




WMt^. 



THE PATRIOT'S GRAVE. 

** A ccingar zondfortitudinis** 
Betired and solemn where Thamesis* wave^ 
The verdant bank of Ghiswick's meads doUl XaTCQ 
An Exile, long from relatives and homey 
The bones of Foscolo have found a tomb j 
Whom, lost yet loved, Italia softly mourns,' 
To him with pride the muse of history turnS^ 
Patriot, scholar, chcisfcraa combined. 
His country's friend, her great and mj^lstaMniod^ 
Unawed by frowns, regardless e'en of mighty 
Upholding Virtue, Liberty, and Right, 
From foreign rule he strove her land to save^ 
Por her dear sake now fills a distant grave ! 

Constrained by duty and his world-wide fame^ 
His truth, his talents, and his honoured name^ 
IBright kiadred -spirits meet in silence here. 
O'er his poor dust to drop affection's tear ; 
And last, not kast, Italia's noblest son, 
(Her fetters burst, her second life begun). 
To bless his shade, in accents keenly felty 
In grateful homage Garibaldi knelt, 
With pious hands a floral chaplet wove, 
A tribute of his deep and lasting love. 



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S-er hi» poor dust to drop affechon s t^ ; 
m« tetters burst, her second Ufe begun). 
To bless his shade, in accenta keenly felt. 
In grateful hnmsge Garibaldi knelt, 
With pious hands a Boral chaplet wove, 
A tribute of his deep and lasting love. 
80 sleeps dear Fosoolo, but not alone, 
Near him repose,-to glory not unknown. 
Children of Science, Poe-y, and Art, 
Who in their .lay played no unworthy part ; 
The"r works, the.r «a<a«. t« Britain Btdl sntvive, 
Enriching tomes which purest pleaaore give. I 

A stranger here, but wanting not the praise. 
Which E..gli«h worth f. virtue o«r pays ; 
WhiUt living, each b!' su.-lm- face would greet, 
Delighted all tosh" re !»■. cuverse sweet , 
Whea Death fen.ov.d him to a higher sphere, 
^„™„f„„d K0.T0K drape.! his lowly bier ; 
B his ashes he, 
memory ; 

Though fewrtirev speak ; for our example trace 
A good i.i*.i-« enu.se-lUs pe«.erul lestmg place. 
Ueo ^^.;.•o!o.-Jl^s eounon^Jud ^^^^^^^^ ^^^ ^ 
atseam .1; ). "f~ ■ ■ ^j.iu^ated at Padua, and 

Ibe Veuet ;m llf.'-^^ ' • i'^^';|"",,te«," before he was 20- 

iL ™t„ ;« ™i V .1 :.< i:.hi!u..mI-, where he produced 
J^r. '/ifl 'm'I '•,< H o\:;.' a romauM which 
^}i.^^lT±flr.:' :JU...:\ the army m the First 
; (.-.ciioa when that city was 
in ISOO, and when there, ha 
odes. He left the army io 
\m. ^He" sabsetiueiitly published " The TombB,_ 
and w!i» editor .'f tiie works of Montecuottb. 
He waK apiKpiiitf^'l i.i- .fcssoi- of literature at Pavia la 
1809 ; but tile ImM l..«..r.-o he used in hU introducto^ 
lecture 01. tlu! ■Mtri'in .icI Office of Literature" is said 
to have iudiioad Xii|'"lt"" to suppress the professorship 
immediately, lu i.s! J he a,.vo further offence in^ 
" Tragedy of Ajiix, ub,oh was supposed to he a satira 
on the Kmperor, and a pauegyric 00 Moimu. Ho wa« 
then compelled to withdraw irom ihe kiogdom of Italy 
to Florence, theoca to Swilzeriand in 1814, and having 
ioiiied in a plan t« cspel tiie Auutrians from Italy, he 
iettled in England in 18! 5. Here ho published his 
" Tragedy of Kiociawli," " ILisr.yton Petrarch," " Dia. 
Korlatioiis and >f..t<Mon Dante." and eootributed to tho 
lilinburifh, (Ju.uterly, Wc^uuiustei, aud Eeti-ospectiva 
]{a»iew« mill otlior p./rioilicils. Fosoolo died of dropsy, 
Scptenibev KILii, VA-i, hiviiis; for a considerable time 
snnerod much ..o.u ■X.x^-.i ;uid penu.y. He was buried 
in the cliurclivani <il' Cl.isivLck, ao the south-west end o£ 
tlie church, biita fer: y^.i'i ' l; -uii fioni g uves oi'Cai-y, tha 
poat.Hogarth. 1>6 Loi'i lierooL.:;,ihe p>.;.-ier, aad the great 
ind good Earl Mao:.:.,iey, oar tiijt ciiibassalor to China, 
His tomb was vo--tored in the yea.- 1861, by the late Mr. 
Gumej', Woo sun-irtM hut a sbort period tbi? grateful 
tribute to liio moiiiory 0; ' [lo exiled patriot and poet, 
lu the spring olUie vcu- vya. Oeneial Garibaldi, accom- 
panied b- :.li'' ll'ike aiKl Duchess 01' liiliieibml, and 
other distUi.,ai^;iea i.eivo.u, visited iho ■;)• ive of i'oscolo. 
and plaeed iiimn it a lloral niiaplet, ana ( .1 tliidawreath. 
in i)ron/e lias sinee been substituted, upon wkieh a versa 
ill. Italian is iii-.iiibed. This interesting event has been 
cciinnieiiio.Mte.l t'V a clever painting by my relative Mr- 
Oharlfs l.uev, which was included in the Exhibition ot 
the Kival .Ua.leiiiy oc Arts in the year 1865, adding 
another ge'ii to his aire :,dy numerous list ot historical 
pietuves. 'I'lie i;rave ot the poet was originally denoted 
by a plain upriL,'ht slab, with the name, ^e, and date ot 
death. The ^.resent tomb is of sarcophagus form in 
polished granite, surrounded by a rail of bronze. At 
the liead is the name "Ugo Foscolo." At the foot, 
"Died 10th September, 1S27." On either side are tha 
ata>s of the tloeeasod. namely :— A shield azure, sur- 
mounted by a coronet set with pearls, and motto, 
" irciiiffar 3)nO. Fortlliidiim." I am son-y to have mislaid 
the Italian verse inicribcd ou the broozs wceith, whieh hca 
been placed where the tloral chaplet ot Oaiibaldi was 

'^^"*''- J. H. JAMES. 

Middle Temple, Xovember 22nd, 1806. 



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THE POEr €HATr£RTO:C» 
"^Mow few of those who through tlio city go, — 
Where love of proM afcw^rbs t*he eag^er ^u<l ; 
Where Merchaudise and Wealth by tliousaads grow^ 

Aad Fashion doth obsequious worship ^^nd, — 
Now thifik of him who sad privattotts 4ore, 

The dreaming youth, whose soul the Muse eachained, 
A. master-spirit, read in ancient lore, 
Hopelessly lost ere Fame his works had gained. 

Poor Cbattertofli I can birt contempiato 

The overwheljxiing sorrow, the despair 
Which dashed thy brain, and urged thy traglofate; 

Lacl>'ing the bread, the sympathy, and eare, 
^uch, Forfune to a favoured child would give. 

•Tis hard to think—" cjld is the human heart" ; 
Would it not wish that Genius should live, 

To share life's joys, her fair and sunny part ? 

Is Britain ever deaf to Nature's cry, 

When misery makes known her pressing need ? 
Oh ! rather does she not her wants supply, 

And blessings heap upon the sufferer's head ? 
ii .\v 11) 111}' troubles mis^hii we hourly «pare. 

Bit f >r the pride which hides the cause of woe ; 
The murijtl courage which can danger bear, 

iVf ust HbV thpir certain remedy forego. 

Thomas Chatterton was born in the city of Bristol in 
1753, and died in an obscure street leading out of Holborn, 
L'ladon, in 1770. «This young man poss:>o;ed an extra- 
ordiniry genius, and was the supposed aulhor of some 
pjenis which he averred w^re written by Rowley, a priest, 
^'siaid to have flou.ished ia tlie fifteenth century. Chatter- 
tbn declared thf tl& found these productions in a chest 
i.i hi itivecitj', but the truth has nev^r y«t been known. 
^>'ot ii.-.etmg with the friends he expected, and having 
strong unbridled passica^, Chatterton, in a fit of despair, 
put;an end to his existeace by swallowing poison. He is 
stated to have been employed as clerk in an attornisy's 
oflBce, where, naturally imbued with a tendency to 
literary pursuits, his love of poetry, and his power to 
prodnoe it, may very probably have received additional 
stimulus. It is ureatly to be lamented that in his, as in 
too many other instances of struggling genius, be should, 
through the force of extreme sensitiveness. And false, 
although pardonable pride, have fai'.ed to disclose bis 
distressing condition, by which meons, in all human pro- 
bability, he might Have been rescued from so wretched 
fate. ALPHA. 

Temple, September Mh, 1867. 



f ^ 



AUTUMNAL LEAVES FROM SOMERSET. 
SELWOKTHY AND PORLOCK. 

The Sun it shines on Selworth Hills, 

Where Nature spoiteth gaily, 
With cheering strains, her luiidio fills^ 

The sky, and plain, and valley, 
follow, ioilow me through the wood, 

Wuere hi^h the ash tree dim betb. 
Follow, follow o'er orake and flood. 

Where faintest echo chimeth. 

Follow, follow me to the moor, 
Where the pink heather streameth, 

Follow, follow me to the shore. 
Where sun on ocean gleameth. 

Follow, follow me to the brow ; 

Earth, bky, and sna united, 
In pros^Mjcts, there, of beauty glow 

Upon the sense deli^httid. 

Follow, follow me to the shore. 

Where waves o'er waves are beating, 
Like shades of Time return no more. 

Their courses ne'er repeating. 

Follow, follow me to the sea, 

.Her breast the deep concealing; 
•Follow, follow where wonders be. 
The power of God revealing. 

The Eiirth endures, all firm and grand. 

The sky smiles fair and bright ; 
The sea declares its Maker's hand. 

His majesty and mittht. 

Then follow, follow through the wood; 

Tl>e heart no grief concealeth, 
K"or sorrow l^ng will e'er intrude 

Where Heaven's sunshine stealeth. 

Then woo with me, in Pt)rlock Bay, 

The breezo's gentle luotinn. 
Hesilth bearing o'er the watery w^j, 

The tribute of the ocean. 

The village of Solworthy is situate about four miTe« 
from Minehead, on the road to Lintem. Its beautiful 
woods stretch along the«|. hills to Orestone Point, which 
overlooks the picturesque Bay of Porloch. In the nndgt 
is a rich valley, tiiiely woo<led, fl«d containing 8«iveral 
pretty villages, the whole comma.; ';pg«.*iew oi Duukery 
Mount.un and the Chauuel, with tne Welsh ,;Y^«t,;n the 
distance. The cluster of bouses at Porlock are (ra th« 
coufints of the county of Devon. 

Temple, September 6th,867. ALpHA. 



i 



3- 



gn glemoriam. 

MRS. SARAH HANBURY, 

Widow of the Rev. John Hm^ury, M.A., rector of St. 

Nicholas, an<l vicar (»f St. John Bapiiat, Hereford.) 

Died 16th September, 1867, aged 70 years. 

'Tis forty years— it seems as yestenhiy, 

When first, the fair, the hived, and tniating brido 
Of One miich-prizerl, so quickly called away,— 

Thou hrav'st the risk of life's too fickle tide, 
Sharina: the duties of a course well-spent, 

Teaching the path of peace to souls around, 
Thy labours now, a happy complement, 

With him, in heavenly rest and bliss, bare found. 

Nor are thy grateful meniories forgot, 

Since Jriends andchiMren shed the ready tear, 
And. bent with grief, to kneel, it is their lot, 

Where piety and worth adorn thy bier. 
By all revered, who well thy goodness knew ; 

Bles*; by the po<ir. who lose thy generous lovo, 
Thy name, a charm, lona-lasting. sweet, and true, 

A source of fond remembrances will prove. 
Temple, 23rd September, 1867. Jr 



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THE TEMPLE MOUSE. 

fA Trajic Story.) 
Hig'h in tho chambers, closa and dim, 

Approached by winding' stair. 
Where laundresses, both old and grim. 

At morn and eve n pair,— 
A Student, diligent with book, 

Sits poring o'prtlielaw. 
Hardworking in his r,uiet nook. 

Moot-points and plias to draw ; 
Exhausting brief, ?iid pen, and thought, 

He would fresh maii-er tind. 
And so repasb ia cupboard sought 

For body and for m^' ad. 
His favoarihe i-eading, cheap and light, 

With provender was there, 
Which Mousi^7, with his eyes so bright, 

Accustomed was to share. 
Bread, butler, and plum-cake he chose 

'Poce any other fare. 
And in the milk jug poked his nose 

With point and gusto rare. 
The toiling Scholar and the Mouse 

Companions did grow ; 
Eut Puss alone, throughout the house, 

Was his inveterate foe. 
Unluckily at Christmas-tide, 

Upon a frosty day. 
The little Mouse he pined and died. 

When other folk were gay. 
The Lawyer he had gone away 

The season snug to spend, 
Bub quite forgot, I grieve to say, 

To cater for his friend. ' 
And so it was, /or want of cheer, 

Whilst all his neighbours fed, 
Poor Mousey, famished, cold, and queer, 

Lay lifeless on his bed. 
^^ t But now he's'glven up the ghost, 
•^^^,^1^ l->st to puss, you, and me ; 

I close my poem and the post, — 

" Qu/Les-cat in Fa-ce." 
Temple, January 15th, 1868. ALPHA. 



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